第九章 经济的问题

工作的再思

📖 研读 📊 汇集 🇬🇧 English 📋 对照
  在使徒行传中,有一个奇妙的事实,就是对于神所打发出外工作的使徒,差不多什么问题都很仔细的记载了,但是对于人所认为最大的问题─经济,反而一句不提。我们根本就没有看见,工人自己需用的责任,和工作需要的责任,是在谁身上,是如何安排、如何定规的。这一个的静默是非常的奇妙的!这就是给我们看见,人所以为最重要的问题,在当日的使徒看来是何等的不成问题的。因为当日为主出外作工的人,都是被主的爱所激动策励的人。他们完全是因爱主的缘故,而外出工作。在那时候,神的工作还没有堕落到谋生的地步来。并且他们是信神的人,他们认识神的信实,他们倚靠神的慈爱,所以,他们连这一个问题都不提起。真的有信心的人是不必说到这个问题的。
  但是这个问题乃是非常的紧要的。因为在恩典中,神是最大的能力;但在世界上,玛门是最大的势力。人生在世,衣食居行,没有钱就一日都不得过。所以,神的工人对于经济的问题,若不解决,就什么几乎都没有解决。经济的问题如果解决了,就一切的问题几乎解决过半了。他们对于供给问题的态度,表明他们在神面前曾否受有使命。因为工作是属灵的缘故,所以,供给的方法也当属灵,不然属灵的工作,要变作属世的事情了。如果在经济的事上弄不清楚,就一切其他的事都不过是理想的。因为在工作上没有一件事是比供给更实在的。什么都有理想的可能,这个没有理想的可能。所以这个实在的问题,是最会试验一个工人的。
 
  神所呼召的工人,不管他是什么种的职事,都该有信心来负他自己和工作一切的经济责任。圣经里从来没有神的工人向谁领薪水的事。你没有看见保罗和以弗所的教会,订一年半载的合同,说明在那个期间,他们应当按周或者按月给他多少钱。在当初这种事是连想像都想像不来的。旧约里只有一个巴兰,是拿先知的恩赐去卖钱的(民二二5~7)。旧约里只有个基哈西,是因主人作了工而生贪心,想要得着报酬的;但是,他是因此就长了大麻风(王下五20~27)。圣经里,从来没有一个神的工人,是向人领薪水的。切事奉神的工人,自己亲手作工顶好,自己另外有什么进款也好。如果自己的手没有作工,也没有别的进款,他就必须仰望神供给他的需用。个神的工人,不能仰望一个人,或者一个团体,固定的给他薪水。圣经里,头一班出去的十二个使徒,他们是仰望神的供给的。他们跟从主三年多,并没有固定的薪水。主升天后,圣灵所打发的使徒,也是因着相信神而过日子的,从来没有把人当作财东的事。今天的使徒,也要仰望神,像当初的使徒一样。
  人若能信靠神,就可以出来作工;人如果不能信靠神,就不够资格出来作工。人的思想是:生活如果安定了,就可以作更好的工。岂知属灵的工作,是需要生活不安定的。因为属灵的工作,和属世的事情不一样。属世的事情,只要有才干、有心志就可以作到。但是属灵的工作,是需要与神交通的,是需要神旨意的启示的,是需要神从天上的维持的。人的生活越安定,就他仰望神的心越少。他就可以不必与神有活泼的交通,只要凭着他的恩赐,凭着他的热心,就可以作去了。但是,神不让祂的仆人们领受薪水,生活安定,好叫他们非时常的仰望神,时常的信靠神,多多的与神交通,追求明白祂的旨意,举目望天,盼望得着天上的维持不可。这样他们才能为神作好工作。生活越没有办法,若能够越仰望神,越与神交通,就工作的性质越属灵。人的绝路,就是神的出路。在属灵的工作中,是人的成分越少越好,神的成分越多越好。生活倚靠薪水的,在他的工作中,神的成分太少了。这是因为人一有一定的进款,就不想投靠神了。
  人是想,如果我每一个月有一定的进款,生活能够安定些,就可以更专心作工了。岂知这并不是作工先决的问题。这个不只不能帮助工作,反而损害工作。工作是不能不用信心的。也不知道有多少的事情,都是需要我们用信心来胜过的;没有活的信心,就工作是作不成功的。但是我们对于工作的信心,是借着肉体的缺乏和供给来受训练、受造就的。我们如果不能信神供给肉身的需用,也就不能相信神来解决工作的难处了。这是因为没有一件事,是比我们生活的供给更实际的。在别的事情上,我们可以随便空口的说相信神,但是在养生的事情上就不能,因为那是太实际的事。我们如果在这件事上能相信神,就在别的事情上也能相信神了。这实在是我们信心的大试验。如果我们口里说神是永生的神,而心里不能信神供给肉身的需要,岂非矛盾?
  并且钱就是权柄。钱袋在谁的手里,权柄就在谁的手里。钱能支配人。我们如果在经济上受人的供给,我们的工作,就会受人的支配。我们若听见人钱的声音,我们不久就要听见他话语的声音。世上从来没有受人钱的人,是不受人的支配的。什么时候,我们的信心是在人身上,什么时候,我们就不能作完全不受人影响的工作。今天的难处,就是人一面想从人拿钱,面想作神的工作。结局就不讨人的喜欢,也不讨神的喜欢。我们今天很难遇见个从人领薪水,而能不受人的影响,专心作神工的人。人出钱,我们受钱,我们就要受出钱的人的管辖,这是一定的道理。
  神不愿意祂的工人受人的支配,神愿意自己支配祂的工人。我们中间有经历的人都知道,神的圣灵是如何借着钱来管理我们的。当我们活在神的旨意中的时候,我们需用的补满是不成问题的。但是我们如果和神的交通出了事,我们的供给就要出问题。神用供给的事,来指明我们到底是否在祂旨意的道路中。在许多的时候,神也是用供给来指引我们的工作。多少的事我们想是应当作的,但是神用经济来拦阻我们。有的时候,神是用供给来禁止我们走出祂的轨道之外。这一种活在神的面前,受神的支配,是何等宝贵的生活呢!如果不是靠着信心过日子,我们就要失去这个宝贵的训练了。
  每一个作工的人,在他个人的责任中,头一个思想就是钱。个人头一个要解决的问题,就是要问,我被神呼召来事奉神,我能不能仰望神,只靠着神过日子呢?若是不能,就不配作工。因为经济如果不能独立,工作就不能独立。经济如果不能倚靠神,工作就也不能倚靠神。钱是会支配人的。若是我们自己能信靠神度日,我们自己因着神,负自己的责,我们就不会受人的支配。每一个作工的人,如果在信心上没有预备好,就不要走这条路。我要劝你们,不要出来作工,宁可一面作事,面事奉主。工人必定应当倚靠神。
  不错,有弟兄们会供给你。但是他们帮助你,应当感谢神;他们不帮助你,也应当感谢神。每一个作工的人,点不应该有仰望弟兄的心;应当常有一个卓绝的心,点不管弟兄待你如何。作工的人对于钱这件事,要非常的独立才可以,点不应当受外面的影响。多少人不知道神的呼召,没有活的信心,不知道怎样仰望神度日,就觉得这里基烈溪的溪水干了,那里乌鸦又不来,又没有寡妇的帮助(参王上十七2~16)。他们的眼睛,直看环境,以致贻工作之羞,使主的名字得不着荣耀。所有的工人,应当眼睛一直仰望神。有弟兄的帮助,感谢神;没有弟兄的帮助,也不仰望他们。
  工人自己因着倚靠神的缘故,要负一切的责任,不应当在心里希冀人的帮助。不能仰望人的爱心,要有仰望神的信心。弟兄有爱心,感谢神;弟兄没有爱心,也感谢神。绝对不能一出来作工,就回顾要从何人得着帮助。如果有这种情形,就是出于不信的心,就不配作主的工。我常说,什么时候,你的眼睛一仰望弟兄,就是羞辱神,羞辱同工。你变作靠弟兄的爱心度日,而不是靠神的信实生活了。多少的人,刚出来是靠信心;再过一些时,乃是等候人的爱心;末了就同留下能够生活的盼望了。可惜这种的信望爱,并不是作工的人所该有的。
  每一作工的人,对经济的事,要非常的独立。因相信神,所以敢独立;因相信神,所以敢不倚靠人;因相信神,所以敢拒绝人。如果我们一直仰望人的供给,就人来源枯竭的时候,我们的来源也枯竭了。我们如果倚靠背后的人,就当这人出问题的时候,我们也出问题了。感谢神,祂是我们的磐石。建造在这磐石上,我们永远不会失脚。人虽然会改变,情形虽然会改变,但是,我们所倚靠的,并不是他们,所以,他们虽然改变了,我们仍然无恙。我们应当记念:千山的牛、万山的羊、和切的金银都是神的。切活在祂神旨意中的人,不怕没有供给。
  多少曾馈送过我们的人,好像是可以给人倚靠的。但是,这些人多有过后就完了的。然而,我们因着神的恩典和诚实还留到今天。如果我们仰望那些人过日子,就他们完了,我们也完了。钱在这世界中是与神分人而王的。我们如果要忠心事奉神,就不能不学习从神的手中接受我们的供给。不然,肉体的眼睛,是何等的容易拿着玛门的手呢!
  在神的工作中有两步:()是以信心祷告得着神的供给,()是正式的去作工。先是经济的信心,后是工作的进行。今天有许多的难处,就是人没有第一步的信心,直想作第二步的工作。他们盼望有一切需要的钱存好在那里,让他们用之来作工。但是,这种只有第二步,没有第一步的,是没有属灵价值的。什么都是以信心起头的,信心没有了,属灵的工作也没有了。所以,信心是头一步。切要从经济的信心起首。没有供给的信心,就不管工作作得多好,这工作仍是要失败的。什么时候钱一停止,工作就没法作了。
 
  不错,保罗说,工人得工价是应当的,传福音的要靠着福音养生(林前九)。但是,传福音的靠着福音养生,是什么意思呢?意思是不是从人接受固定的供给呢?或者向教会收取薪水呢?不是,保罗说这话的时候,从来没有今天薪水的意思在里面。他的意思乃是:为神作工的人,可以因着传福音的缘故,接受人家的馈送。这个乃是无定期、无定数、无责任、无勉强的。乃是信徒的心被神所感动,因而将养生之需,拿来送给神的工人。工人虽然从信徒手中接受馈送,但是,他们还是仰望神的。他们的心乃是信靠神,他们的眼睛乃是仰望神,神因着听他们祷告的缘故,就感动弟兄的心来馈送他们,来补满他们的缺欠。接受这样的馈送,就是这里所说的靠福音养生。保罗在帖撒罗尼迦如何得腓立比教会的馈送(腓四16),在哥林多如何得马其顿弟兄们的补足(林后十一9),就是这一个意思。靠福音养生的意思,并非指得教会固定负责的供给说的。
  问题就在这里:神所差遣的工人们,到底是从那里得着供给来养生呢?不错,传福音的靠着福音养生;不错,工人得工价是应当的。但是,到底传福音是为谁传呢?领工价是向谁去领呢?如果是教会的工人,就可以向教会领薪水。如果是神的工人,就只能从神得供给,就不能向教会领薪水。圣经给我们够清楚地教训,就是工作和教会是完全分开的。所以,在外表上,工人要负工作经济的完全责任。但是在实际上,神是一切工作的主,所以神要负一切经济的责任。
  切的问题,就是神有没有呼召?神有没有差派?如果有神的呼召和差派,就神必须负一切经济的责任,你就可以靠着福音养生了。神定规要听你的祷告,要感动弟兄的心,用馈送来补足你的需要;如果不是神的打发,而是你自告奋勇的,就恐怕你不能靠福音养生,因神是不负一切缺乏责任的。当和受恩要来中国的时候,她看见,孤独的一个人,远适异国,倚靠神的不容易,就去请教一位在主里满有经历的魏敬生。他说,异国远方,孤独一人,都不是问题。问题只有个,就是:是你自己去呢?是神差你去呢?她说,是神要我去。他说,那什么都不必说了。是神叫你去,就祂要负一切的责任。你连问都不必问祂要如何负责。如果是你自己去,就羞辱和穷绝是一定的结局。你看见么?什么是能靠福音养生的?
  但是保罗自己在哥林多,是亲手织帐棚,并没有靠传福音养生(林前九)。这给我们看见,神的仆人,作工得供给,有两条线:条是亲手作工,条是传福音仰望神得供给。传福音的靠福音养生,并非要教会中的弟兄姊妹负责供给,乃是仰望神,相信神能供给。所以亲手作工,是一种方法;信神供给,是另一种方法。此外没有第三种方法。
  保罗亲手作工是顶好,但保罗所作的是特别的,不是经常的。保罗所作的,乃是神的仆人从权的作法,并非说,其余的人,也都该这样作法。保罗也承认其余的不是这样。这是他在林前九章说得很清楚地。请看11~15:“我们若把属灵的种子撒在你们中间,就是从你们收割奉养肉身之物,这还算大事么?若别人在你们身上有这权柄,何况我们呢?然而我们没有用过这权柄,倒凡事忍受,免得基督的福音被阻隔。你们岂不知为圣事劳碌的,就吃殿中的物么?伺候祭坛的,就分领坛上的物么?主也是这样命定,叫传福音的靠着福音养生。但这权柄我全没有用过;我写这话,并非要你们这样待我;因为我宁可死,也不叫人使我所夸的落了空。”18节:“既是这样,我的赏赐是什么呢?就是我传福音的时候,叫人不花钱得福音,免得用尽我传福音的权柄。”在这里我们看见,有一个福音的权柄,是一切传福音者所能用的。但是,保罗却不用这个权柄。这是因为保罗是:()受有神特别的托付的,()处在特殊的情形的。有人像保罗,可以,但这是少数的。并且不是圣经里经常的办法,乃是特殊的办法。神一班的工人,神还是要他们倚靠神、信神过日子。
  这并不是说,保罗从来没有接受教会送给他的帮助。请看林后十一7~10:“我因为白白传神的福音给你们,就自居卑微,叫你们高升,这算是我犯罪么?我亏负了别的教会,向他们取了工价来,给你们效力。我在你们那里缺乏的时候,并没有累着你们一个人;因我所缺乏的,那从马其顿来的弟兄们都补足了;我向来凡事谨守,后来也必谨守,总不至于累着你们。既有基督的诚实在我里面,就无人能在亚该亚一带地方阻挡我这自夸。”有的教会送保罗钱,他也接受。不过像哥林多那样的钱,他不接受。在许多的地方,保罗是和别人一样用福音的权柄,接受神感动人心所送来的帮助;但是,在亚该亚一带地方,因着有特殊的情形,他就不用这个权柄。神感动别的教会所送来的工价,他都接受;但是他不拿哥林多的,因为哥林多信徒的态度不对。
  在这里我们看见神所定规的是如何。保罗说,有一权柄,就是撒属灵种子的人,能从人收割奉养肉身之物。但是,保罗在哥林多人身上,没有用过这种权柄。这不是说,保罗没有问他们要钱;乃是说,保罗没有收他们的钱。保罗所以不肯收的原因,是因哥林多人对于他的存心不对。像腓立比人送的钱,保罗肯收下。保罗肯用这权柄。但许多人就是只送一个铜元,也不好收,因为他送了,是有作用的。哥林多的人,就是这样的人;所以保罗不收他们的钱,免得他们日子久了还有话说。我们必须把哥林多和腓立比来分别、来比较。什么时候,人是因爱神奉献给神,是神所悦纳的,就可以收。我们是替神收钱,叫他们可以得着神的祝福。否则我们就宁可不收,免得我们用错了福音的权柄。
 
  我们必须记得,不只教会固定的帮助是不能收的,就是有的教会不时的馈送,也不一定都是可收的。保罗对于在哥林多教会的表示,就是表明这个原则。人的馈送如果是为着怜悯我们,我们就不能接受他们的馈送。人的馈送如果不先是为着神,而要我们向他存着感激的心,就我们也不能接受他的馈送。如果有的馈送是要我们受他的支配,就那样的馈送也是不可接受的。
  一切作神工的人,不只相信神会供给他的需用,并且当人送钱来的时候,还要分别那个钱是不是神所能接受的,是不是神要我们接受的。
  旧约以色列人把牛羊奉献给神,是交给利未人的。利未人是站在替神接收奉献的地位上。以色列人是奉献给神,不是给利未人。我们今天就是站在利未人的地位上。收钱的是神,不是我们。是神要谢人,不是我们要谢人。我们从来不受人的惠,我们从来不荷人的恩。人如果馈送我们,却要我们向他感德,并且说感谢的话,那个馈送,我们就不能接受。我们不收人的一文钱,收人钱的乃是神。人如果要得感谢,只有神给他;人如果要得赏赐,只有神给他;人如果要得荣耀,只有神给他。
  人如果送我们钱,要我们向他荷恩,我们作不到。但另一方面,我们收人钱的时候,还要问能不能叫神向他荷恩。如果我们随便收人的馈送,就会把神弄到一个地步,叫祂不感谢人又不可,感谢人又不是祂所乐意的,这就叫我们的神为难了。许多的人,已经不是神所悦纳的,如果我们把这样的人钱收下来,这样的钱,神怎能悦纳呢?有许多的人还是罪人,他也很肯捐钱。将来在白色宝座前,神要怎样办呢?他如果对神说,连你的仆人保罗,都用过我的钱,那么神怎样办呢?按理,神还得感谢他!所以,我们收人钱的时候,还要问这个钱是不是神所愿意收下的。是奉献的?或是要形成义务的?
  饶恕我提起一件个人的事。一九二九年,我的一位亲戚,送我二百元。那时我在病中,是顶缺乏的时候,真是需要款项。但是,神给我看见,我这个亲戚虽是教友,但对于得救恐怕还有问题。神给我看见,我应当写信问她,到底是以教友的资格送给工人呢?或是以亲戚的资格送给侄子呢?她如果因我是她的侄子送这二百元,就可以接受,因为我以肉体上的关系,可以用她的钱。如果她因我是一个工人而送这二百元,就不能接受,因我不能叫神向一个神所未喜悦的人道谢。在属灵的关系上,我是不能用她钱的。所以,我只好写信去问她,到底是以亲戚的资格送侄子呢,还是以教友的资格送一个工人?结果,她是送给侄子的,所以我就收下来用了。
  也有的钱,奉献的人是不错的,奉献的态度也是不错的;但是,在奉献之后,奉献者要有权柄支配工作。指定钱的用途是可以的;但是因着钱来支配工作的作法是不可以的。神的工人不可因着钱的缘故,叫工作不能只随着圣灵的引导而作,反要随着奉献者的意思而作。合乎圣经原则的奉献者在奉献的时候,指明它的用途,这是合乎圣经原则的,是可以的。但是,奉献之后,奉献者的手就挪开了,不可再有进一步干涉工作的要求。他们如果能相信神的工人,钱就可以交给他们;如果不能相信,钱就不必交给他们。所以每个作工的人,如果送他钱的人,不是钱一离手就停在那里,就不再摸的,我们就不能收他的钱。
  圣经的原则乃是工人作工,不是钱作工。神自己所拣选差派的工人,可以随着神的引导去作工。工作如何作法乃是他们负责的。但是从来没有有钱的人,因为要将钱奉献作神的工作,就因着他的钱来定规工作要如何作法。在属世的事情上,出钱者是最有权柄的;但是在属灵的工作上,乃是作工者是最有权柄的。圣经里只有工人用钱的事,从来没有钱用工人的例。乃是蒙召被打发去作那工作的人,要负那工作作法的责任,而不是有钱肯奉献的人。所以若有弟兄姊妹为神作工,你如果觉得神引导你帮助他,你就帮助他。你如果没有神的引导,觉得不必帮助他,你就可以不帮助他。你如果能信任他,钱就可交在他的手中;你如果不能信任他,钱就不可交在他手中。你要找你所能信任的人,将钱交给他去作工。但是什么时候钱离开你的手,什么时候权柄也都应当离开你的手。工人个人并不谢谢你。什么时候钱离开你的手,什么时候什么东西都应当离开你。国内近年来兴起一种事业,作得很好,但是近来已经停止了。这是因为不是工人负经济的责任,乃是有钱的信徒负经济的责任。等到作工者的意见,与出钱者的意见不一样时,钱一停止,就什么工作都停止了。这个实在不是奉献,也不是作工。工人应当一面自己因着信神的缘故,负起经济的责任来;信徒如果蒙神的引导,作物质上帮助的时候,应当相信工人,让他们随神的引导去作他们所负责的工。
  所以,我们今天所作的工,应当有钱也作,没钱也作。虽然也许我们只有一块钱,但是我们应当谁也不仰望,谁也不奉承。作工的人,有钱也好,没有钱也好,总不应当向人负什么责任。从富足的弟兄手中收钱,就从脸上显出卑鄙的样子来的所谓的工人,真是可恨的。他这样作是羞辱神,也是羞辱同工。我们今天站的地位是替神收钱的地位。我们在经济上的事,是只直接和神发生关系的,若不是这样就不配作工。保罗对于经济的事,有他的荣耀,换句话说,有他的夸口。我们也应当有我们自己荣耀的夸口,这一个是别人所不能摸的。所以工人的工作不能受奉献的人的支配。但是,人如果以为工人所作的不对,怎么办呢?什么时候奉献的人觉得不对,他可以作一件事,就是以后为着那个工作不再奉献。
 
  出门作工的人,要永远抱一个态度,就是不能取外邦人的钱。原则是“对于外邦人一无所取”(约叁7)。神的工作,永远不要外邦人来维持。神必须先悦纳那个人,神才悦纳那个人的奉献。神能接受的,我们才能接受。神所拒绝的,我们就不能有所取。但这并非说,外邦人留我们吃一餐饭都不可以。如果我们像保罗到一个海岛上,有像部百流那样接纳我们,尽情款待三日的,我们也可以接受(参徒二八7)。什么时候,有这样的事情发生,在神安排之下,我们也欢喜接受。但这是指神的安排,是偶然发生的事,并非神经常的原则。我们对外邦人的原则,总是一无所取。什么时候我们取外邦人的钱,就叫神的工作堕落下去了。
 
  教会应当不应当供给工人呢?这个问题,在圣经里,有很清楚地教训。按圣经的记载,教会里的钱,是为着三部分的用处的:
 
一部分是为着贫穷的圣徒的。圣经里是非常注意贫穷的圣徒的。地方教会的奉献,大部分是为着供给贫穷的圣徒的。
 
地方教会的长老,为着弟兄们的需要,有时放下自己的事情,有时多用些时间在教会,他们在经济上不免受了亏。本地弟兄,就该补满他们经济上所受的亏(提前五17)。
 
有的钱,要用在工人和工作身上。这一个是奉献给神,并非给工人作薪水的。
  保罗对哥林多人说,“我亏负了别的教会,向他们取了工价来,给你们效力。我在你们那里缺乏的时候,并没有累着你们一个人;因我所缺乏的,那从马其顿来的弟兄们都补足了。”(林后十一8~9)在这里我们看见,弟兄们如何因着爱主的缘故,补足了工人和工作的缺乏。
  保罗又对腓立比人说,“腓立比人哪,你们也知道我初传福音,离了马其顿的时候,论到授受的事,除了你们以外,并没有别的教会供给我;就是我在帖撒罗尼迦,你们也一次两次的,打发人供给我的需用。我并不求什么馈送,所求的就是你们的果子渐渐增多,归在你们的账上。但我样样都有,并且有余;我已经充足,因我从以巴弗提受了你们的馈送,当作极美的香气,为神所收纳所喜悦的祭物。”(腓四15~18)我们看见在腓立比的教会,也如何注意到神的工人和工作的需要。
  实在说来,教会如果属灵,弟兄如果爱主,他们就要多注意到工人的缺乏,和工作的需要。如果不然,他们就要以为工作与教会是分开的,他们既没有正式的责任,他们就也没有属灵的负担。件事我们应当记得的,就是书信里面关乎劝勉捐输给贫穷的圣徒,和顾念地方的长老是有的,但是,从来没有劝勉捐输给工人、工作的话。这是因为书信乃是工人的工作,所以,不能劝勉人,因为是不便劝勉。使徒只好仰望神,相信神自己会感动人的心,来顾念工作的需要,和工人的缺乏。所以,我们今天也得一样的,不为自己说什么话,相信一切神是知道的。祂不曾忽略了我们的需要。
  保罗在这里对腓立比人所说的话,是何等的大方!一点不寒酸,点不念穷。“金银我都没有”(徒三6)的话,是可以说的。但是这句话只可对一个不信而又有需要的人说,而非对教会里的弟兄说。我们的弟兄保罗,敢对差不多是唯一馈送他的教会说,“我样样都有,并且有余;我已经充足。”他一点不怕这样说了,下次他们就不送了!工人是不可以作得叫人可怜的,工人是不可以暗示自己的需要的。乃是因着信神的缘故,敢说,我是一无所缺的人。何等的美好,当和受恩用完她最末了一元钱的时候,她能写“祂的杯满溢,无论如何总有赢余”(英文诗歌五九五首)那一首诗。神没有寒酸的仆人!
  因为神的工人乃是代表神在这里作工,证明神的诚实的缘故,所以工人必须在经济的事上非常的独立,在行为上、态度上、言语上,表明神真是他们供给的主才可以。稍微一点的软弱,在这事上就叫神得不着荣耀。工人要给教会看,我们的神是多富足的。工人总不可向教会露出他们的寒酸气来,叫地方教会因为可怜他们,而馈送他们什么。虽然我们是贫穷的,但在地方教会面前,我们只能显出我们的富足,不能显出我们的贫穷。我们虽然不可装假,但是,我们应当隐藏我们的贫穷。我们并不必用贫穷的外貌,来帮助神感动人的心。我们相信神要按着祂在基督里的丰富(不是我们在人前的贫穷),供给我们的需用。我们敢替神造出一个艰难的环境,因为我们知道,神的神迹是用不着我们帮助的。我们从来不受任何人的可怜。人送钱,是奉献给神。我们是站在替神收钱的地位上。如果我们收人可怜我们的钱,就是羞辱神,就是羞辱同工。如果是我们故意作得可怜,以致人来可怜我们,就我们真是有罪的了。宁可让人误会我们富有,而在暗中仰望神,更胜于人知道我们的贫穷,而可怜我们。
  在这里我们要看见两件事:神的仆人对经济的态度,要非常的独立,总不肯让人说,他是靠人过日子的。他要在经济上荣耀神。另一面,地方教会总得尽力量帮助神的工人和工作,总得尽力量把钱送到工作里去。这并不是说,你把钱只送给住在你那里作工的弟兄。你要像腓立比人那样,次二次的打发人馈送到保罗那里,也要像马其顿人那样补满保罗的需用。这不像今天的教会,地只供给一个“牧师”。你要看见各地工人和工作的需要。神要你把钱送到那里,你就要送到那里。今天汇兑这么便当的时候,神的孩子们如果只注重一地的需要,就实在没有远大属灵的眼光。
  这两边的事,必须看得很平均。在工人方面,总不该盼望人供给他什么。他一仰望人的供给,就立刻失去他工人的地位。但在教会方面,供给工人也是该的。面工人自己应当负工作的责任,绝对不应当仰望弟兄和教会。但另一面在个地方的教会,应当竭力帮助各地的工作。工作的结果,是为着地方教会的,他的目的,是为要造就、建立、复兴教会。神用不着没有信心的工人,神也用不着没有爱心的地方教会和弟兄。我顶喜欢以斯帖的事。哈曼要害死犹大人。末底改叫人送信求救于以斯帖说,“此时你若闭口不言,犹大人必从别处得解脱、蒙拯救,你和你父家,必至灭亡。”(斯四14)他的意思是:神欢喜你,就借着你的手拯救犹大人。你若不作,神也能借着别人的手来作。无论如何,神总是要拯救犹大人的。我喜欢那一个人的这句话。神总是要供给工作的需要的。不过不知道这个荣耀是给那一个地方的教会。这个人不来帮助,神也要兴起别人。不过头一个人失去帮助神工作的荣耀而已。
  如果地方教会的灵性好,就定规知道如何供给工人。哥林多人只怕给保罗用了钱,所以保罗就不用他们的钱。哥林多人属肉体,怕保罗用他们的钱,保罗就不收他们的钱。腓立比的信徒属灵些,所以就一次二次打发人供给保罗的需用。什么时候工人的眼睛仰望教会,什么时候工人就堕落了。什么时候教会不打算供给工人,什么时候教会也堕落了。所以每一个神的工人,对于神的教会,都得取保罗的态度。每一个教会,对于神的工人,都得取腓立比的态度。
  如果地方的教会属灵,他们就要向来到他们中间作客旅的工人忠心,帮助他们“往前行”(约叁5~6)。但是地方教会就是不供给,他们也并无手续上的错误,只有灵性上的错误。在属灵的责任上,地方的教会是应当如此帮助工作的。
  一个工人,要与地方教会界限分得清楚;一切经济的责任,也要与地方教会界限分得清楚。如果工人是短期在一个地方,是被地方教会请去有短期的工作,就他们所有的接待,可以尽情领受。如果是长期,是要住下来,就工人当立刻负自己的责,不能接受人的款待。我们一接受人长期的款待,就立刻失去我们仰望神的信心。人就是甘心接待,我们也得拒绝。我们不能把信心放在一边,而靠弟兄的爱心过活。我们只能因信而活。弟兄们就是有爱心,也不应当负工人的责。弟兄们只可像腓立比人有不时的馈送。腓立比人馈送的这个原则,是非常紧要的。神只许可馈送,神不许可负责。
  如果有一个工人,到一个地方,地方教会可以短期招待,但不当长期负责。如果地方教会负工人的责,就叫工人不是靠信心而活,乃是靠爱心而活了。所以地方教会宁可学腓立比人的馈送,不负其他的责任。宁可送伙食的钱给他们自己去付,而不替他们代付伙食的钱。这样,就可叫神的工人,一直仰望神过日子。
  每一蒙神呼召作工的人,要专心仰望主供给一切的需用。教会并不负工人需用的责任,也不负工人得任何好处的责任。工人一切的责任,是工人自己要负的。地方教会可以表示他们的爱心,但地方教会不负任何的责任。如果说工人的需用,是地方教会该负正式的责任的,就是一个大错。地方教会有爱心的帮助,却无当负的责任。地方教会,绝对不负工人任何的责任。地方教会,不只不负工人薪水的责任,连房租、路费的责任也不负。一切和工人有关系的,都得工人自己负责。
  保罗对哥林多的信徒说,“我们未曾亏负谁,未曾败坏谁,未曾占谁的便宜。”(林后七2)又说,“除了我不累着你们这一件事,你们还有什么事不及别的教会呢?”(十二13。)他又对帖撒罗尼迦的信徒说,“因为我们从来没有用过谄媚的话,这是你们知道的;也没有藏着贪心,这是神可以作见证的。”(帖前二5)又说,“弟兄们,你们记念我们的辛苦劳碌,昼夜作工,传神的福音给你们,免得叫你们一人受累。”(9)又说,“也未尝白吃人的饭;倒是辛苦劳碌,昼夜作工,免得叫你们一人受累。”(帖后三8)你看见,这是使徒的态度。总要记得,不叫任何的教会受累,也不叫任何的弟兄受累;不占任何人的便宜,不可有一点的贪心。这是神的工人所该有的态度。不只我们不出雇,不只我们不向地方教会收固定的薪水,并且任何便宜都不可占。宁可让地方教会占工人的便宜,工人绝对不可占地方教会的便宜。
  件最可羞耻的事,就是名是为神作工,名是靠神过日子,但是从来没有看见自己的地位,和神的荣耀,却存心以为自己是贫穷的人,是“倚靠神过日子”的人,所以,是应该受人的可怜、占人的便宜的。岂知没有一人应当比神的工人更大方的。因着倚靠神的缘故,他们能够不贪小利,不占人的小便宜,特别是教会的。教会的灯火、伙食、房屋、报纸、用品,我们应当在任何的情形之下,不占其利益。短期的接受招待固然是可以的,但是,在存心和态度上,要严严的注意占便宜的行为,和类似占便宜的行为。人如果以为工人是可以占教会便宜的,就是羞辱神的思想。个普通的弟兄,如何没有权利可以占教会的便宜,工人也是样的。没有一件事显出工人的人格,更过于对付小利益、小便宜的态度。在这一点上不注意的人,更好是另找职业。
  钱实在是太会影响人了!所以,事奉神的人必须自己切实的信神。工人在工作上的行止,是非常紧要的。所以,就是在接受馈送上,也不可让馈送影响了我们的路途。如果我们有真实地信心,真实地遵行神的旨意,就不会受地方教会的经济影响我们的行止。作工的行止,如果受了供给的影响,就不过是觅食、是就食,这是十分可耻的!在我们的行止中,我们要自问:到底我是完全因着神的旨意呢?或是也受了地方教会经济的影响呢?千万不可因为某地方可收入的钱多,就多往那地方去;某地方可希望的钱少,就少到那地方去。要记得:我们在这里乃是为着事奉主,并不是为着谋生。
 
  不只工人自己个人的需用,是自己当倚靠神;就是工作的需用,工人也该完全倚靠神。神如果呼召你,工作是你负责,工作方面经济的需要,也是你该负责的。一个工人,要负个人经济的责任,也要负自己工作经济的责任。工人个人的责任,如何不能叫人负;工作经济的责任,也如何不能叫人负。.
  假如一个弟兄,到一个地方去作工,一切都该是他负责。不只工作的起头,是工人负责,就是工作的继续,也是工人负责。工人负工作经济的责任,要像工人负个人经济的责任一样。工人不能负自己的责任,不配作工人;工人不能负工作的责任,也不配作工人。保罗从来是自己负工作的责任,他从来没有叫教会受累。
  所有的工人,都是个人负个人经济的责任;也得负工作经济的责任。比方有一个弟兄被神呼召到边荒去传福音,所有在边荒地方开工的需要,像房租、椅子、器具等等,至少要几百元。谁负这个责任呢?不是仰望什么地方的聚会来供给,也不是仰望什么弟兄姊妹来供给;乃是作工的人,因着信靠神、仰望神的缘故,起来负这个责任。神派人去作工,工人不只要负他个人的责任,也要负他工作的责任。你若觉得神要你到一个地方去开工,你应当祷告得着供给,来负完全的责任。我记得在广州的时候,我也曾这样的讲过。有一个弟兄说,我本想出来作工,现在被你的话吓退了。我说这是更好的。工人是要负工作经济完全责任的。我们没有一个接济工作的机关。我们所有的同工,都是自己负自己和工作的责任。你觉得清楚神要你作什么,你就要去作。你不能仰望教会,仰望弟兄,仰望什么机关。你要仰望神,仰望祂使你能负工作经济完全的责任。
  工作是工人的。不只出外传福音的是如此,就是其他的也都是如此。信徒们如果觉得,这一个工作是出乎神的,他就可以帮助这个工作。不然,他就可以不帮助。任何出乎信心的工作,根本与地方教会不发生团体上的关系。慕勒先生在不列斯铎所办的孤儿院,就是一例。他乃是当地教会的一分子,但是孤儿院乃是他和他的同工所负责办的。他们并没有仰望当地的聚会负责供给,他们乃是完全仰望神。因为他们觉得这工作是神要他们作的。当地聚会的弟兄姊妹要帮助是可以的,但这个工作不是当地聚会负责的。办得起来是慕勒的责任;办不起来也是慕勒的责任。他并非倚靠聚会来供给,乃是倚靠神来供给。各种的工作,都是同样的例。所有的工作都是一个人或是几个人在神面前负责的。
  一位弟兄问说,好不好有一辆福音车?我承认这个已经长久在我心里了。但是,神还没有兴起人来作这样的工。求神赐款买一辆车是很容易的事。但是,我们不能买一辆车请人出去作工,而我们负其经济的责任。如果这样,就工人没有负工作经济的责任。如果他们短少汽油、零件、及其他的需要,他们就要回来问我们要。他们就变作只作工,而不负工作经济责任的人了。这一个是圣经所没有的。所以,我们如果看见有这个需要,就应该自己起来负这个责任,或是求神感动人,起来作这样的工,供给他们的需要。必须有能负工作经济责任的工人,那个工作才是实在的。所以若有两三人看见这是神要他们作的工作,他们自己应该完全负责任。有人帮助也好,没有人帮助也好,他们要负完全的责任。我们最多只能在旁边按着神的旨意来帮助。但是,责任是要他们负的。我们不能买一辆车,叫人来作不负经济责任的工人。从来没有别的个人,或是地方的教会来负工作的责任的。工作是工人负责的。千万不要将责任推到别人或是教会的身上。你如果不能负责,更好是不作。
  我们还应当分别,款项是为着我们个人的,或是为我们工作的。凡一切是给我们个人的,我们就可以收用;如果是为着工作的,我们个人就不可用,只可用之于工作。我们必须学习公义,将个人与工作的款项好好分开。没有一个工人是可以将工作的钱,作为个人的用度的。我永远不会忘记,“我的天父是火车车长”那一篇故事。里面说戴德生先生到圣路易去作工,许多人送了许多的钱。之后,他应当赶到某地去聚会,但是能够按时到会的火车已开了。他就在车站等第二班车。忽然有个人跑来送他一点钱。他就对给他送行的白路克先生说,“看,神现在才送车费来!”白先生希奇,问说,他岂不是已经收了许多钱么?戴德生说,是,但是,他从来不用不是明写是为着他个人用的钱。所以,那个人所给他的,才是神给他的车费,因为那是给他个人的。后来神安排使他搭第二班车,也能准时到会。这个故事在我才出来作工的时候,落在我手中,也不知道帮助了我多少。感谢神!
  我知道在这些的日子中,人是注意神的工作,而忽略了神的工人的。但是,我们到底是事奉谁呢?我们如果是真心倚靠神的,我们定规要看见,信靠祂的人,必不至于遇见羞愧。我们的神是活的。读慕勒先生的传,我们看见他没有向任何的人,提起他个人的需要,但是,神不只供给他工作上的需要,并且也丰富地供给他个人的需要。他也是一个将工作和个人的款项分得顶清楚地人。工作有缺乏,工人要负全责;工作有裕余,工人不能取为己用。工人总不应当沾工作的光。我们的神是活的神,祂如何能供给工作上的用度,也能供给我们个人的用度。我们乃是天空的小鸟,地上的百合花!我们能相信祂。我们不肯把工作的钱,和别的钱混在一起。
 
  在同工中间,每一个工人,都该记得,彼此的背景不一样,彼此的生活不一样,神所赐的信心大小不一样,主所赐的恩赐也不一样,所以无所羡慕,也无所嫉妒。如果有的弟兄多有所得,是他个人的信心,是他个人从神所得的恩赐。如果有的弟兄少有所得,也是他个人的信心,也是他个人从神所得的恩赐。我们彼此的关系乃是属灵的,而非正式的。所以无所羡慕,也无所嫉妒。
  在同工中,有一件事该注意:如果一个工人,只会从别人接受,不会送给别人,就是一个最卑鄙可耻的事。旧约里有一个榜样,就是利未人虽然代表神接受人的奉献,但是,利未人也从所得中,抽十分之一奉献与神。在同工中,感谢神,我们的经历上,虽已是如此;但在原则上,我们更当注意。我们要常常学习供给别人。要记得保罗说,“我这两只手,常供给我和同人的需用。”(徒二十34)我们不应当担心说,我有没有什么可用;我们乃应当常常在心里说,我有没有什么可以送人。如果我们只记得个人的需用,是唯一的需用;工作的需用,是唯一的需用;却不记得同工的需用,我们就堕落得很深了。我们应当记得,我的同人,也是常有需要的。神从来不祝福只会收、不会送的人。如果谁是只收不送的,就是一个可羞耻的工人。我们必须抱一个态度,就是“我和我的同人”。神的钱不只是为着我,也是为着我的同人。有一位弟兄对我说,“你何必管这么多的事呢?神会送钱给他们。你又不是差会,何必管他们的事呢?”但是他忘记了他的同人。你到底是否一个好的同工,要看你在供给的事上记念不记念你的同工。所有的工人,应当想到送钱给别人,送钱给别的工人。如果有这样作的人,你不应当怪他作,只应当怪你自己不作。
  神理财的原则,是“多收的也没有余,少收的也没有缺”(林后八15)。谁要多收,谁就当作一个无余的人。多收的人当作无余的人,少收的人才会作无缺的人。反之,就多收的人,虽然有余,但是少收的人已经有缺了。我们的心中总得想帮助少收的,叫他们无缺。神就会叫我们多收。不然,神就只得让我们作个少收无缺的人。能够有权利帮助别的弟兄姊妹,是何等的有福呢!只会肥己,不会帮助别人的人,是不会多收的。在这件事上,我们不只不占别人的便宜,并且我们还要尽力叫别人得益处。从来钱是越用越有的。积存的钱都是生锈的钱,也是预备给贼偷去的钱。
  在工作和工作之间,也得彼此顾念,彼此帮助。我们不要惧怕神更祝福别人的工作,别人的工作得着更多的供给。我们应当在弟兄中,学习叫人注意别人的工作,和别人的需要;学习提倡别人的工作。我们能将别人的事情排在弟兄的面前。不要惧怕,不要妒忌。切神所要赐给你的,没有一点会落到别人的手中。要相信神,要爱别的工人。当你忘记了自己,帮助别人的时候,你要看见神要负责,使你得着你所需要的供给。我深深地相信,保罗和他的同工,也不知道有多少的需要,但是他只把圣徒的需要、长老的需要,排在众教会面前。但是,神却负责供给他一切的需用!
  当苏丹腹地会(在阿比西尼亚作工)才成立的时候,该会的负责人宾汉往见驻多伦多中国内地会的主任。问以有何方法,能使城中的信徒注意苏丹的工作。那位弟兄就给他许多的人名,说他们是城中最注意国外布道,时常帮助中国内地会的信徒,并且介绍他去见他们。宾汉说,你不怕他们今后移转他们的钱,帮助苏丹腹地会么?那位弟兄说,神给我们的每一块钱,必定到我们这里来,没有一块钱会到你的地方去。你永远不会得着神所给我们的钱。当神的孩子给你们更多的钱的时候,他们也必给我们更多的钱。这是何等的信心!何等的爱心!后来年日的收入,证明他的话是不错的。
 
  你们既然觉得神的工人是应当倚靠神过日子的,而你们又相信工作是有团体的,你们的同工又有相当的数目,那么你们为什么不组织成功一个信心的差会呢?这是许多人问我们的。是的,我们为什么不合起来,组织一个信心的差会呢?什么叫信心的差会?就是有一布道的团体,其中的人谁也没有固定的薪水,乃是把所有的收入,按多寡平均分给众人。他们的收入,并不是向人捐来的,乃是凭祷告得来的。他们有了收入,或是按月,或是按礼拜,按人来分。这一个就叫信心的差会。收入多就多分,收入少就少分。像××会等,他们都是这样信心生活的团体。有人问我们说,你们既然不肯组成普通的差会,但为什么不组成一个信心的差会呢?如果一个领取薪水的布道机关不对,那些信心的差会,总算为可以的了。
  但是,两件事总该记得:一件事,就是在圣经的同工中,只有属灵的结合,没有正式的机关。如果有一形式上合作的机关,就不只有属灵的团体,也有正式的团体了。这样,就叫同工中,在神面前的属灵关系,变作正式的关系;一个属灵的团体,变作一个官样的机关了。第二,信心的差会,虽然说是大家倚靠神,但机关的倚靠神,总不如个人的倚靠神。圣经中只有个人的信心,从来没有这种团体的信心。
  去年同工聚会时,有一位姊妹问我说,有一个新起来的布道会,乃是凭着信心设立的。他们的工作真是不错。我们可以不可以同样的去作?我说,他们这样作,我感谢神。但是我们不愿意有一个团体的信心,我们只愿意有个人的信心。因为我们在圣经里只看见个人的信心,看不见团体的信心。并且信心差会多少总有收入,在里面的人,多少总得一分。这样就容易有滥竽充数的人。个人有信心也好,无信心也好,在这个团体里的,总可以得一分。所以,虽然这样的差会是凭着信心生活的,但是,因为这样的差会是半固定性的有供给可以分给其中的分子,自然而然的就会有一个东西放在那里,叫人仰望它。因为在这一条路上多少总有所分的缘故,就怕有不是真信的人进来倚靠这一个。也许起头加入这样的团体时,是有信心的;但是因为有了这个供给团体的缘故,不久就叫他不必倚靠神过日子了。认识肉体的人都知道,我们的眼睛,是最会仰望神之外的一个什么的,是顶容易失去向着神的信心的。千万的人─靠不住地人,千万的机关─无用的机关,我们的肉体是生成会仰望他们的。仰望神是何等的难呢!人的心是顶坏的。自然而然的我们会到一个地步,就是不是等候天上的乌鸦,乃是等候差会的函信。我们是何等的靠不住呢!弟兄们,你看是否如此?我若说错了,求神和你们都饶恕我。
  因为我们的眼睛常会忘记泉源,而注意汲器,忘记慈爱的心,而注意经递的手的缘故,所以,天要干旱,才会有溪水和乌鸦;基烈溪滨的水也必须常干,神的乌鸦也必须不来,才会仰望神来得寡妇的供给。神要常换馈送的手,以免我们因着熟识的缘故,就忘记了神是一切的根源,而盼望人作我们的来源了。所以团体的信心,并不帮助人。
  圣经里只有个人的信心,没有团体的信心。神是对付一个人,神不对付一个团体。人们可以没有个人的信心,依然可以有一个虚伪团体的信心。所以,信心的差会,并不会造就个人的信心。这是我们以为神给我们看见的,如果是错的,求你们饶恕我们。
  我们要在这里郑重地声明:我们因为神没有这样引导的缘故,所以我们没有差会的组织;但是这并不是说,我们反对差会的组织。我们认为圣经并没有差会的组织,但是也没有禁止的明文。我们的弟兄们如果觉得这是神的领导,就但愿神祝福他们。我们没有受同样的领导,我们如果冒昧的也去作,就是大错。但愿你们饶恕我们,在这件事上不能与你们一同作去。但是,件事是定规的,神的目的乃是一切布道的团体,不管有差会的组织,或是没有差会的组织,都应当不是扩充自己的团体,乃是为着设立、建立地方上的教会。盼望神的子民能在这点上与我们同心,使大家能按着主所分派的职事来服事教会。
  有的人说,你们的钱为什么不聚集在起,然后再分给各处的同工?这样好叫有的不至于收入过多,有的不至于收入过少。这样就下乡的工人无所缺,在城里的工人也不至于太富余了。但我的答应是,谁是教会的元首?谁是这些仆人的主人?我们如果信神会安排乌鸦,我们如果信神会安排寡妇,就没有乡下、城市的分别了。在过去的历史中,有的工人需要多,神的供给也多;有的需要少,神的供给也少。我们如果用肉体来统制,不错,我们能统制收入多少;但是,我们不能统制需要多少。钱有法子统制,但是,需要没有法子统制。我们不能把需要统制到多少,而把钱统制到多少,有什么益处呢?这种统制是不必的,是无益的。
  我们相信神的安排么?如果不是祂的旨意,就没有一只麻雀是会从天落下来的(太十29)。难道有一件临到我们身上的事,是不经过祂的手么?我们每一个的供给,都是经过神的手,都是经过神的考虑。我们只有相信神的安排。什么时候人的手一统制,圣灵立刻就失去祂的主权。我们要相信神。祂会安排祂的供给,多少正合乎我们的需要。
  在乡下的弟兄,他们的需要,也不一定会少,有时反而此在城市的弟兄更多。并且在乡下弟兄的供给,也不一定比城市的供给更少,有时反而比城市来得多。切都在神的安排之中。我们不相信就不必说,相信神就得相信神是在切事上显出祂主权的。
  求神施恩给我们,叫我们站在神的面前,不用人的方法来维持什么。我们只仰望圣灵的主权,只仰望主的权柄,只仰望神的安排。我们要拒绝一切出于人的法子。神如果没有弃绝我们,祂会安排我们在这条路上所需要的一切供给。神如果弃绝我们,我们就得去投靠人。
 
  我们知道有许多信心的事业,是何等宝贝的工作。神的目的,并不只要人为着祂的缘故,以信心出外作工,神并且喜欢许多人因着相信神而有许多的事业。我个人相信,如果神得着我们更多,就这一类的事业,要更多的兴起。
  神在今天的时代中,有许多的事业是祂要作的,有许多的事业是祂需要作的。如果有人兴起,照着神的旨意作去,就不知多好。像文字的工作,虽然有一班弟兄在那里作,但并非说,这就够多了。还有许多需要作的,像栽培少年人的地方;像一种属灵的公寓,便于人退修的地方,叫有的弟兄姊妹,可以多祷告,多读一点圣经;像有的慈善事业,如孤儿院、贫儿院等这一类的工作,也不知多需要。这一类的事业,并非要像使徒那样的奔跑,但是,神也要人作这一类的工作。
  我巴不得有更多的弟兄,看见神给他们一个特别的职事,来兴起信心的事业,不只是作使徒,或是那许多专门的工作。这样,神的教会,就要得建立了。不只是使徒帮助教会,这些事业也是帮助教会的。不管是孤儿院也好,不管是慈善事业也好,不管是教育事业也好,如果办的人,真是仰望神,真是肯竭力在其中传福音的话,就要叫地方的教会得着很多益处。我盼望弟兄们多祷告,多有信心,能听神的呼召,来作这些工作。在中国,传福音的工作,可说已经有了;但这一类的工作,实在缺少。我盼望神多兴起人来作,好叫神得着荣耀。
  有一件事叫我不能不深深觉得的,就是我们今天的同工虽然不少,但我们都是仰望神,来作直接传福音的工作。我们同工所发起的事业,却不够多。我们在神面前因着信祂的缘故,应当更进取、更尝试、更有为。我们如果是信神的人,我们就不能无为,我们就必定有进取的信心作神所要作的。现在有的事业已经有了,许多的事业还没有,还是可以作的。我们现在虽然有一个福音书房,一年送了百万分以上的单张;虽然有一个查经处,为着造就少年的弟兄;虽然在各地也维持了好些的讲经所;但是,所应当作、所能作的,也不知道还有多少。我们应当不只到一个地方去传福音,这个该有人去作,但还有许多的事业也是需要我们去作的。但愿我们多亲近神,多明白神的心意,多有开疆拓土的信心,多有事业,叫神多得荣耀。
  在使徒行传中,有一个奇妙的事实,就是对于神所打发出外工作的使徒,差不多什么问题都很仔细的记载了,但是对于人所认为最大的问题─经济,反而一句不提。我们根本就没有看见,工人自己需用的责任,和工作需要的责任,是在谁身上,是如何安排、如何定规的。这一个的静默是非常的奇妙的!这就是给我们看见,人所以为最重要的问题,在当日的使徒看来是何等的不成问题的。因为当日为主出外作工的人,都是被主的爱所激动策励的人。他们完全是因爱主的缘故,而外出工作。在那时候,神的工作还没有堕落到谋生的地步来。并且他们是信神的人,他们认识神的信实,他们倚靠神的慈爱,所以,他们连这一个问题都不提起。真的有信心的人是不必说到这个问题的。  但是这个问题乃是非常的紧要的。因为在恩典中,神是最大的能力;但在世界上,玛门是最大的势力。人生在世,衣食居行,没有钱就一日都不得过。所以,神的工人对于经济的问题,若不解决,就什么几乎都没有解决。经济的问题如果解决了,就一切的问题几乎解决过半了。他们对于供给问题的态度,表明他们在神面前曾否受有使命。因为工作是属灵的缘故,所以,供给的方法也当属灵,不然属灵的工作,要变作属世的事情了。如果在经济的事上弄不清楚,就一切其他的事都不过是理想的。因为在工作上没有一件事是比供给更实在的。什么都有理想的可能,这个没有理想的可能。所以这个实在的问题,是最会试验一个工人的。
 
  神所呼召的工人,不管他是什么种的职事,都该有信心来负他自己和工作一切的经济责任。圣经里从来没有神的工人向谁领薪水的事。你没有看见保罗和以弗所的教会,订一年半载的合同,说明在那个期间,他们应当按周或者按月给他多少钱。在当初这种事是连想像都想像不来的。旧约里只有一个巴兰,是拿先知的恩赐去卖钱的(民二二5~7)。旧约里只有一个基哈西,是因主人作了工而生贪心,想要得着报酬的;但是,他是因此就长了大麻风(王下五20~27)。圣经里,从来没有一个神的工人,是向人领薪水的。一切事奉神的工人,自己亲手作工顶好,自己另外有什么进款也好。如果自己的手没有作工,也没有别的进款,他就必须仰望神供给他的需用。一个神的工人,不能仰望一个人,或者一个团体,固定的给他薪水。圣经里,头一班出去的十二个使徒,他们是仰望神的供给的。他们跟从主三年多,并没有固定的薪水。主升天后,圣灵所打发的使徒,也是因着相信神而过日子的,从来没有把人当作财东的事。今天的使徒,也要仰望神,像当初的使徒一样。
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他差遣使者往大河边的毗夺去,到比珥的儿子巴兰本乡那里,召巴兰来,说,有一民从埃及出来,遮满这地,住在我的对面。
这民比我强盛,现在求你来为我咒诅他们,或者我能击败他们,把他们赶出此地;因为我知道,你为谁祝福,谁就得福;你咒诅谁,谁就受咒诅。
摩押的长老和米甸的长老,手里拿着占卜的礼金,到了巴兰那里,将巴勒的话告诉他。
民数记一章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
神人以利沙的仆人基哈西心里说,我主人白白放过这亚兰人乃缦,不从他手里受他带来的礼物,我指着永活的耶和华起誓,我必跑去追上他,向他要些东西。
于是基哈西追赶乃缦。乃缦看见有人追赶,就急忙下车迎着他,说,都平安么?
他说,都平安。我主人打发我来说,刚才有两个少年人,是申言者的门徒,从以法莲山地来见我;请你赐他们一他连得银子,两套衣裳。
乃缦说,请接受二他连得。他再三地促请基哈西,并将二他连得银子包在两个口袋里,连同两套衣裳,交给两个仆人;他们就在基哈西前头抬着走。
到了山冈,基哈西从他们手中接过来,存放在屋里;然后打发他们离去,他们就走了。
基哈西进去,站在他主人面前。以利沙问他说,基哈西,你从哪里来?他说,仆人没有往哪里去。
以利沙对他说,那人下车转回迎你的时候,我的心岂没有去呢?这岂是接受银子和衣裳,买橄榄园、葡萄园、牛羊、仆婢的时候呢?
因此,乃缦的麻风必沾附于你和你的后裔,直到永远。基哈西从以利沙面前出去,就患了麻风,像雪那样白。
列王纪下一章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
列王纪下一章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
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  人若能信靠神,就可以出来作工;人如果不能信靠神,就不够资格出来作工。人的思想是:生活如果安定了,就可以作更好的工。岂知属灵的工作,是需要生活不安定的。因为属灵的工作,和属世的事情不一样。属世的事情,只要有才干、有心志就可以作到。但是属灵的工作,是需要与神交通的,是需要神旨意的启示的,是需要神从天上的维持的。人的生活越安定,就他仰望神的心越少。他就可以不必与神有活泼的交通,只要凭着他的恩赐,凭着他的热心,就可以作去了。但是,神不让祂的仆人们领受薪水,生活安定,好叫他们非时常的仰望神,时常的信靠神,多多的与神交通,追求明白祂的旨意,举目望天,盼望得着天上的维持不可。这样他们才能为神作好工作。生活越没有办法,若能够越仰望神,越与神交通,就工作的性质越属灵。人的绝路,就是神的出路。在属灵的工作中,是人的成分越少越好,神的成分越多越好。生活倚靠薪水的,在他的工作中,神的成分太少了。这是因为人一有一定的进款,就不想投靠神了。  人是想,如果我每一个月有一定的进款,生活能够安定些,就可以更专心作工了。岂知这并不是作工先决的问题。这个不只不能帮助工作,反而损害工作。工作是不能不用信心的。也不知道有多少的事情,都是需要我们用信心来胜过的;没有活的信心,就工作是作不成功的。但是我们对于工作的信心,是借着肉体的缺乏和供给来受训练、受造就的。我们如果不能信神供给肉身的需用,也就不能相信神来解决工作的难处了。这是因为没有一件事,是比我们生活的供给更实际的。在别的事情上,我们可以随便空口的说相信神,但是在养生的事情上就不能,因为那是太实际的事。我们如果在这件事上能相信神,就在别的事情上也能相信神了。这实在是我们信心的大试验。如果我们口里说神是永生的神,而心里不能信神供给肉身的需要,岂非矛盾?  并且钱就是权柄。钱袋在谁的手里,权柄就在谁的手里。钱能支配人。我们如果在经济上受人的供给,我们的工作,就会受人的支配。我们若听见人钱的声音,我们不久就要听见他话语的声音。世上从来没有受人钱的人,是不受人的支配的。什么时候,我们的信心是在人身上,什么时候,我们就不能作完全不受人影响的工作。今天的难处,就是人一面想从人拿钱,一面想作神的工作。结局就不讨人的喜欢,也不讨神的喜欢。我们今天很难遇见一个从人领薪水,而能不受人的影响,专心作神工的人。人出钱,我们受钱,我们就要受出钱的人的管辖,这是一定的道理。  神不愿意祂的工人受人的支配,神愿意自己支配祂的工人。我们中间有经历的人都知道,神的圣灵是如何借着钱来管理我们的。当我们活在神的旨意中的时候,我们需用的补满是不成问题的。但是我们如果和神的交通出了事,我们的供给就要出问题。神用供给的事,来指明我们到底是否在祂旨意的道路中。在许多的时候,神也是用供给来指引我们的工作。多少的事我们想是应当作的,但是神用经济来拦阻我们。有的时候,神是用供给来禁止我们走出祂的轨道之外。这一种活在神的面前,受神的支配,是何等宝贵的生活呢!如果不是靠着信心过日子,我们就要失去这个宝贵的训练了。  每一个作工的人,在他个人的责任中,头一个思想就是钱。个人头一个要解决的问题,就是要问,我被神呼召来事奉神,我能不能仰望神,只靠着神过日子呢?若是不能,就不配作工。因为经济如果不能独立,工作就不能独立。经济如果不能倚靠神,工作就也不能倚靠神。钱是会支配人的。若是我们自己能信靠神度日,我们自己因着神,负自己的责,我们就不会受人的支配。每一个作工的人,如果在信心上没有预备好,就不要走这条路。我要劝你们,不要出来作工,宁可一面作事,一面事奉主。工人必定应当倚靠神。
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马可福音一章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
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  不错,有弟兄们会供给你。但是他们帮助你,应当感谢神;他们不帮助你,也应当感谢神。每一个作工的人,一点不应该有仰望弟兄的心;应当常有一个卓绝的心,一点不管弟兄待你如何。作工的人对于钱这件事,要非常的独立才可以,一点不应当受外面的影响。多少人不知道神的呼召,没有活的信心,不知道怎样仰望神度日,就觉得这里基烈溪的溪水干了,那里乌鸦又不来,又没有寡妇的帮助(参王上十七2~16)。他们的眼睛,一直看环境,以致贻工作之羞,使主的名字得不着荣耀。所有的工人,应当眼睛一直仰望神。有弟兄的帮助,感谢神;没有弟兄的帮助,也不仰望他们。
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耶和华的话临到以利亚说,
你离开这里往东去,藏在约但河前的基立溪旁。
你要喝那溪里的水,我已吩咐乌鸦在那里供养你。
以利亚就去,照着耶和华的话行了;他去住在约但河前的基立溪旁。
乌鸦早晨给他叼饼和肉来,晚上也给他叼饼和肉来;他又喝那溪里的水。
过了些日子,溪水干了,因为那地没有下雨。
耶和华的话临到他,说,
你起身往西顿的撒勒法去,住在那里;我已吩咐那里的一个寡妇供养你。
以利亚就起身往撒勒法去;到了城门口,见有一个寡妇在那里捡柴。以利亚呼叫她,说,求你用器皿取点水来给我喝。
她去取水的时候,以利亚又呼叫她,说,求你带点饼来给我。
她说,我指着永活的耶和华你的神起誓,我没有饼,坛内只有一把面,瓶里只有一点油;我现在捡两根柴,要回去为我和我儿子作饼;我们吃了,就死了吧。
以利亚对她说,不要怕,可以照你所说的去作吧。只要用这油和面先为我作一个小饼,拿来给我,然后为你和你的儿子作饼。
因为耶和华以色列的神如此说,坛内的面必不用完,瓶里的油必不短缺,直到耶和华使雨降在地上的日子。
妇人就照以利亚的话去行。她和以利亚并她家中的人,吃了许多日子。
坛内的面果然没有用完,瓶里的油也没有短缺,正如耶和华借以利亚所说的话。
列王纪上一章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
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  工人自己因着倚靠神的缘故,要负一切的责任,不应当在心里希冀人的帮助。不能仰望人的爱心,要有仰望神的信心。弟兄有爱心,感谢神;弟兄没有爱心,也感谢神。绝对不能一出来作工,就回顾要从何人得着帮助。如果有这种情形,就是出于不信的心,就不配作主的工。我常说,什么时候,你的眼睛一仰望弟兄,就是羞辱神,羞辱同工。你变作靠弟兄的爱心度日,而不是靠神的信实生活了。多少的人,刚出来是靠信心;再过一些时,乃是等候人的爱心;末了就同留下能够生活的盼望了。可惜这种的信望爱,并不是作工的人所该有的。  每一作工的人,对经济的事,要非常的独立。因相信神,所以敢独立;因相信神,所以敢不倚靠人;因相信神,所以敢拒绝人。如果我们一直仰望人的供给,就人来源枯竭的时候,我们的来源也枯竭了。我们如果倚靠背后的人,就当这人出问题的时候,我们也出问题了。感谢神,祂是我们的磐石。建造在这磐石上,我们永远不会失脚。人虽然会改变,情形虽然会改变,但是,我们所倚靠的,并不是他们,所以,他们虽然改变了,我们仍然无恙。我们应当记念:千山的牛、万山的羊、和一切的金银都是神的。一切活在祂神旨意中的人,不怕没有供给。  多少曾馈送过我们的人,好像是可以给人倚靠的。但是,这些人多有过后就完了的。然而,我们因着神的恩典和诚实还留到今天。如果我们仰望那些人过日子,就他们完了,我们也完了。钱在这世界中是与神分人而王的。我们如果要忠心事奉神,就不能不学习从神的手中接受我们的供给。不然,肉体的眼睛,是何等的容易拿着玛门的手呢!  在神的工作中有两步:(一)是以信心祷告得着神的供给,(二)是正式的去作工。先是经济的信心,后是工作的进行。今天有许多的难处,就是人没有第一步的信心,一直想作第二步的工作。他们盼望有一切需要的钱存好在那里,让他们用之来作工。但是,这种只有第二步,没有第一步的,是没有属灵价值的。什么都是以信心起头的,信心没有了,属灵的工作也没有了。所以,信心是头一步。一切要从经济的信心起首。没有供给的信心,就不管工作作得多好,这工作仍是要失败的。什么时候钱一停止,工作就没法作了。
 
  不错,保罗说,工人得工价是应当的,传福音的要靠着福音养生(林前九)。但是,传福音的靠着福音养生,是什么意思呢?意思是不是从人接受固定的供给呢?或者向教会收取薪水呢?不是,保罗说这话的时候,从来没有今天薪水的意思在里面。他的意思乃是:为神作工的人,可以因着传福音的缘故,接受人家的馈送。这个乃是无定期、无定数、无责任、无勉强的。乃是信徒的心被神所感动,因而将养生之需,拿来送给神的工人。工人虽然从信徒手中接受馈送,但是,他们还是仰望神的。他们的心乃是信靠神,他们的眼睛乃是仰望神,神因着听他们祷告的缘故,就感动弟兄的心来馈送他们,来补满他们的缺欠。接受这样的馈送,就是这里所说的靠福音养生。保罗在帖撒罗尼迦如何得腓立比教会的馈送(腓四16),在哥林多如何得马其顿弟兄们的补足(林后十一9),就是这一个意思。靠福音养生的意思,并非指得教会固定负责的供给说的。
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就是我在帖撒罗尼迦,你们也一次两次的,打发人供给我的需用。
我在你们那里缺乏的时候,并没有累着你们一个人,因我所缺乏的,那从马其顿来的弟兄们都补足了。我向来凡事自守,不累着你们,将来也必自守。
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  问题就在这里:神所差遣的工人们,到底是从那里得着供给来养生呢?不错,传福音的靠着福音养生;不错,工人得工价是应当的。但是,到底传福音是为谁传呢?领工价是向谁去领呢?如果是教会的工人,就可以向教会领薪水。如果是神的工人,就只能从神得供给,就不能向教会领薪水。圣经给我们够清楚地教训,就是工作和教会是完全分开的。所以,在外表上,工人要负工作经济的完全责任。但是在实际上,神是一切工作的主,所以神要负一切经济的责任。  一切的问题,就是神有没有呼召?神有没有差派?如果有神的呼召和差派,就神必须负一切经济的责任,你就可以靠着福音养生了。神定规要听你的祷告,要感动弟兄的心,用馈送来补足你的需要;如果不是神的打发,而是你自告奋勇的,就恐怕你不能靠福音养生,因神是不负一切缺乏责任的。当和受恩要来中国的时候,她看见,孤独的一个人,远适异国,倚靠神的不容易,就去请教一位在主里满有经历的魏敬生。他说,异国远方,孤独一人,都不是问题。问题只有一个,就是:是你自己去呢?是神差你去呢?她说,是神要我去。他说,那什么都不必说了。是神叫你去,就祂要负一切的责任。你连问都不必问祂要如何负责。如果是你自己去,就羞辱和穷绝是一定的结局。你看见么?什么是能靠福音养生的?  但是保罗自己在哥林多,是亲手织帐棚,并没有靠传福音养生(林前九)。这给我们看见,神的仆人,作工得供给,有两条线:一条是亲手作工,一条是传福音仰望神得供给。传福音的靠福音养生,并非要教会中的弟兄姊妹负责供给,乃是仰望神,相信神能供给。所以亲手作工,是一种方法;信神供给,是另一种方法。此外没有第三种方法。
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哥林多前书一章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
哥林多前书一章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
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  保罗亲手作工是顶好,但保罗所作的是特别的,不是经常的。保罗所作的,乃是神的仆人从权的作法,并非说,其余的人,也都该这样作法。保罗也承认其余的不是这样。这是他在林前九章说得很清楚地。请看十一至十五节:“我们若把属灵的种子撒在你们中间,就是从你们收割奉养肉身之物,这还算大事么?若别人在你们身上有这权柄,何况我们呢?然而我们没有用过这权柄,倒凡事忍受,免得基督的福音被阻隔。你们岂不知为圣事劳碌的,就吃殿中的物么?伺候祭坛的,就分领坛上的物么?主也是这样命定,叫传福音的靠着福音养生。但这权柄我全没有用过;我写这话,并非要你们这样待我;因为我宁可死,也不叫人使我所夸的落了空。”十八节:“既是这样,我的赏赐是什么呢?就是我传福音的时候,叫人不花钱得福音,免得用尽我传福音的权柄。”在这里我们看见,有一个福音的权柄,是一切传福音者所能用的。但是,保罗却不用这个权柄。这是因为保罗是:(一)受有神特别的托付的,(二)处在特殊的情形的。有人像保罗,可以,但这是少数的。并且不是圣经里经常的办法,乃是特殊的办法。神一班的工人,神还是要他们倚靠神、信神过日子。
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哥林多前书九章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
这样,我的赏赐是什么?就是在传福音上,我免费供应福音,免得用尽我在福音上的权利。
哥林多前书一章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
哥林多前书二章(略,若需要被汇集,请勾选“不忽略整章”)
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  这并不是说,保罗从来没有接受教会送给他的帮助。请看林后十一章七至十节:“我因为白白传神的福音给你们,就自居卑微,叫你们高升,这算是我犯罪么?我亏负了别的教会,向他们取了工价来,给你们效力。我在你们那里缺乏的时候,并没有累着你们一个人;因我所缺乏的,那从马其顿来的弟兄们都补足了;我向来凡事谨守,后来也必谨守,总不至于累着你们。既有基督的诚实在我里面,就无人能在亚该亚一带地方阻挡我这自夸。”有的教会送保罗钱,他也接受。不过像哥林多那样的钱,他不接受。在许多的地方,保罗是和别人一样用福音的权柄,接受神感动人心所送来的帮助;但是,在亚该亚一带地方,因着有特殊的情形,他就不用这个权柄。神感动别的教会所送来的工价,他都接受;但是他不拿哥林多的,因为哥林多信徒的态度不对。
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我因为白白传神的福音给你们,就卑屈自己,为叫你们升高,这是我犯了罪么?
我剥夺了别的召会,取了工价,为着服事你们。
我在你们那里缺乏的时候,并没有累着你们一个人,因我所缺乏的,那从马其顿来的弟兄们都补足了。我向来凡事自守,不累着你们,将来也必自守。
基督的真实在我里面,这夸口在亚该亚一带,是不会在我身上被堵住的。
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  在这里我们看见神所定规的是如何。保罗说,有一权柄,就是撒属灵种子的人,能从人收割奉养肉身之物。但是,保罗在哥林多人身上,没有用过这种权柄。这不是说,保罗没有问他们要钱;乃是说,保罗没有收他们的钱。保罗所以不肯收的原因,是因哥林多人对于他的存心不对。像腓立比人送的钱,保罗肯收下。保罗肯用这权柄。但许多人就是只送一个铜元,也不好收,因为他送了,是有作用的。哥林多的人,就是这样的人;所以保罗不收他们的钱,免得他们日子久了还有话说。我们必须把哥林多和腓立比来分别、来比较。什么时候,人是因爱神奉献给神,是神所悦纳的,就可以收。我们是替神收钱,叫他们可以得着神的祝福。否则我们就宁可不收,免得我们用错了福音的权柄。
 
  我们必须记得,不只教会固定的帮助是不能收的,就是有的教会不时的馈送,也不一定都是可收的。保罗对于在哥林多教会的表示,就是表明这个原则。人的馈送如果是为着怜悯我们,我们就不能接受他们的馈送。人的馈送如果不先是为着神,而要我们向他存着感激的心,就我们也不能接受他的馈送。如果有的馈送是要我们受他的支配,就那样的馈送也是不可接受的。  一切作神工的人,不只相信神会供给他的需用,并且当人送钱来的时候,还要分别那个钱是不是神所能接受的,是不是神要我们接受的。  旧约以色列人把牛羊奉献给神,是交给利未人的。利未人是站在替神接收奉献的地位上。以色列人是奉献给神,不是给利未人。我们今天就是站在利未人的地位上。收钱的是神,不是我们。是神要谢人,不是我们要谢人。我们从来不受人的惠,我们从来不荷人的恩。人如果馈送我们,却要我们向他感德,并且说感谢的话,那个馈送,我们就不能接受。我们不收人的一文钱,收人钱的乃是神。人如果要得感谢,只有神给他;人如果要得赏赐,只有神给他;人如果要得荣耀,只有神给他。  人如果送我们钱,要我们向他荷恩,我们作不到。但另一方面,我们收人钱的时候,还要问能不能叫神向他荷恩。如果我们随便收人的馈送,就会把神弄到一个地步,叫祂不感谢人又不可,感谢人又不是祂所乐意的,这就叫我们的神为难了。许多的人,已经不是神所悦纳的,如果我们把这样的人钱收下来,这样的钱,神怎能悦纳呢?有许多的人还是罪人,他也很肯捐钱。将来在白色宝座前,神要怎样办呢?他如果对神说,连你的仆人保罗,都用过我的钱,那么神怎样办呢?按理,神还得感谢他!所以,我们收人钱的时候,还要问这个钱是不是神所愿意收下的。是奉献的?或是要形成义务的?  饶恕我提起一件个人的事。一九二九年,我的一位亲戚,送我二百元。那时我在病中,是顶缺乏的时候,真是需要款项。但是,神给我看见,我这个亲戚虽是教友,但对于得救恐怕还有问题。神给我看见,我应当写信问她,到底是以教友的资格送给工人呢?或是以亲戚的资格送给侄子呢?她如果因我是她的侄子送这二百元,就可以接受,因为我以肉体上的关系,可以用她的钱。如果她因我是一个工人而送这二百元,就不能接受,因我不能叫神向一个神所未喜悦的人道谢。在属灵的关系上,我是不能用她钱的。所以,我只好写信去问她,到底是以亲戚的资格送侄子呢,还是以教友的资格送一个工人?结果,她是送给侄子的,所以我就收下来用了。  也有的钱,奉献的人是不错的,奉献的态度也是不错的;但是,在奉献之后,奉献者要有权柄支配工作。指定钱的用途是可以的;但是因着钱来支配工作的作法是不可以的。神的工人不可因着钱的缘故,叫工作不能只随着圣灵的引导而作,反要随着奉献者的意思而作。合乎圣经原则的奉献者在奉献的时候,指明它的用途,这是合乎圣经原则的,是可以的。但是,奉献之后,奉献者的手就挪开了,不可再有进一步干涉工作的要求。他们如果能相信神的工人,钱就可以交给他们;如果不能相信,钱就不必交给他们。所以每个作工的人,如果送他钱的人,不是钱一离手就停在那里,就不再摸的,我们就不能收他的钱。  圣经的原则乃是工人作工,不是钱作工。神自己所拣选差派的工人,可以随着神的引导去作工。工作如何作法乃是他们负责的。但是从来没有有钱的人,因为要将钱奉献作神的工作,就因着他的钱来定规工作要如何作法。在属世的事情上,出钱者是最有权柄的;但是在属灵的工作上,乃是作工者是最有权柄的。圣经里只有工人用钱的事,从来没有钱用工人的例。乃是蒙召被打发去作那工作的人,要负那工作作法的责任,而不是有钱肯奉献的人。所以若有弟兄姊妹为神作工,你如果觉得神引导你帮助他,你就帮助他。你如果没有神的引导,觉得不必帮助他,你就可以不帮助他。你如果能信任他,钱就可交在他的手中;你如果不能信任他,钱就不可交在他手中。你要找你所能信任的人,将钱交给他去作工。但是什么时候钱离开你的手,什么时候权柄也都应当离开你的手。工人个人并不谢谢你。什么时候钱离开你的手,什么时候什么东西都应当离开你。国内近年来兴起一种事业,作得很好,但是近来已经停止了。这是因为不是工人负经济的责任,乃是有钱的信徒负经济的责任。等到作工者的意见,与出钱者的意见不一样时,钱一停止,就什么工作都停止了。这个实在不是奉献,也不是作工。工人应当一面自己因着信神的缘故,负起经济的责任来;信徒如果蒙神的引导,作物质上帮助的时候,应当相信工人,让他们随神的引导去作他们所负责的工。  所以,我们今天所作的工,应当有钱也作,没钱也作。虽然也许我们只有一块钱,但是我们应当谁也不仰望,谁也不奉承。作工的人,有钱也好,没有钱也好,总不应当向人负什么责任。从富足的弟兄手中收钱,就从脸上显出卑鄙的样子来的所谓的工人,真是可恨的。他这样作是羞辱神,也是羞辱同工。我们今天站的地位是替神收钱的地位。我们在经济上的事,是只直接和神发生关系的,若不是这样就不配作工。保罗对于经济的事,有他的荣耀,换句话说,有他的夸口。我们也应当有我们自己荣耀的夸口,这一个是别人所不能摸的。所以工人的工作不能受奉献的人的支配。但是,人如果以为工人所作的不对,怎么办呢?什么时候奉献的人觉得不对,他可以作一件事,就是以后为着那个工作不再奉献。
 
  出门作工的人,要永远抱一个态度,就是不能取外邦人的钱。原则是“对于外邦人一无所取”(约叁7)。神的工作,永远不要外邦人来维持。神必须先悦纳那个人,神才悦纳那个人的奉献。神能接受的,我们才能接受。神所拒绝的,我们就不能有所取。但这并非说,外邦人留我们吃一餐饭都不可以。如果我们像保罗到一个海岛上,有像部百流那样接纳我们,尽情款待三日的,我们也可以接受(参徒二八7)。什么时候,有这样的事情发生,在神安排之下,我们也欢喜接受。但这是指神的安排,是偶然发生的事,并非神经常的原则。我们对外邦人的原则,总是一无所取。什么时候我们取外邦人的钱,就叫神的工作堕落下去了。
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因他们是为那名出外,对于外邦人一无所取。
那地附近有些田产是岛长的,这人名叫部百流,他接纳我们,亲切地款待了三天。
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  教会应当不应当供给工人呢?这个问题,在圣经里,有很清楚地教训。按圣经的记载,教会里的钱,是为着三部分的用处的:
 
一部分是为着贫穷的圣徒的。圣经里是非常注意贫穷的圣徒的。地方教会的奉献,大部分是为着供给贫穷的圣徒的。
 
地方教会的长老,为着弟兄们的需要,有时放下自己的事情,有时多用些时间在教会,他们在经济上不免受了亏。本地弟兄,就该补满他们经济上所受的亏(提前五17)。
 
有的钱,要用在工人和工作身上。这一个是奉献给神,并非给工人作薪水的。

--------本段经节汇集--------
那善于带领的长老,尤其是那在话语和教导上劳苦的,当被看为配受加倍的敬奉。
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  保罗对哥林多人说,“我亏负了别的教会,向他们取了工价来,给你们效力。我在你们那里缺乏的时候,并没有累着你们一个人;因我所缺乏的,那从马其顿来的弟兄们都补足了。”(林后十一8~9)在这里我们看见,弟兄们如何因着爱主的缘故,补足了工人和工作的缺乏。
--------本段经节汇集--------
我剥夺了别的召会,取了工价,为着服事你们。
我在你们那里缺乏的时候,并没有累着你们一个人,因我所缺乏的,那从马其顿来的弟兄们都补足了。我向来凡事自守,不累着你们,将来也必自守。
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  保罗又对腓立比人说,“腓立比人哪,你们也知道我初传福音,离了马其顿的时候,论到授受的事,除了你们以外,并没有别的教会供给我;就是我在帖撒罗尼迦,你们也一次两次的,打发人供给我的需用。我并不求什么馈送,所求的就是你们的果子渐渐增多,归在你们的账上。但我样样都有,并且有余;我已经充足,因我从以巴弗提受了你们的馈送,当作极美的香气,为神所收纳所喜悦的祭物。”(腓四15~18)我们看见在腓立比的教会,也如何注意到神的工人和工作的需要。
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腓立比人哪,你们也知道我初传福音,离开马其顿的时候,在授受的账上,除了你们以外,并没有一个召会与我有交通;
就是我在帖撒罗尼迦,你们也一次两次的,打发人供给我的需用。
我并不寻求什么馈送,只寻求你们的果子增多,归入你们的账上。
但我一切都收到了,并且有余,我已经充足,因我从以巴弗提受了你们的馈送,如同馨香之气,可收纳的祭物,是神所喜悦的。
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  实在说来,教会如果属灵,弟兄如果爱主,他们就要多注意到工人的缺乏,和工作的需要。如果不然,他们就要以为工作与教会是分开的,他们既没有正式的责任,他们就也没有属灵的负担。一件事我们应当记得的,就是书信里面关乎劝勉捐输给贫穷的圣徒,和顾念地方的长老是有的,但是,从来没有劝勉捐输给工人、工作的话。这是因为书信乃是工人的工作,所以,不能劝勉人,因为是不便劝勉。使徒只好仰望神,相信神自己会感动人的心,来顾念工作的需要,和工人的缺乏。所以,我们今天也得一样的,不为自己说什么话,相信一切神是知道的。祂不曾忽略了我们的需要。  保罗在这里对腓立比人所说的话,是何等的大方!一点不寒酸,一点不念穷。“金银我都没有”(徒三6)的话,是可以说的。但是这句话只可对一个不信而又有需要的人说,而非对教会里的弟兄说。我们的弟兄保罗,敢对差不多是唯一馈送他的教会说,“我样样都有,并且有余;我已经充足。”他一点不怕这样说了,下次他们就不送了!工人是不可以作得叫人可怜的,工人是不可以暗示自己的需要的。乃是因着信神的缘故,敢说,我是一无所缺的人。何等的美好,当和受恩用完她最末了一元钱的时候,她能写“祂的杯满溢,无论如何总有赢余”(英文诗歌五九五首)那一首诗。神没有寒酸的仆人!
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徒3:6  
彼得却说,金银我都没有,只把我所有的给你:我在拿撒勒人耶稣基督的名里,叫你起来行走!
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  因为神的工人乃是代表神在这里作工,证明神的诚实的缘故,所以工人必须在经济的事上非常的独立,在行为上、态度上、言语上,表明神真是他们供给的主才可以。稍微一点的软弱,在这事上就叫神得不着荣耀。工人要给教会看,我们的神是多富足的。工人总不可向教会露出他们的寒酸气来,叫地方教会因为可怜他们,而馈送他们什么。虽然我们是贫穷的,但在地方教会面前,我们只能显出我们的富足,不能显出我们的贫穷。我们虽然不可装假,但是,我们应当隐藏我们的贫穷。我们并不必用贫穷的外貌,来帮助神感动人的心。我们相信神要按着祂在基督里的丰富(不是我们在人前的贫穷),供给我们的需用。我们敢替神造出一个艰难的环境,因为我们知道,神的神迹是用不着我们帮助的。我们从来不受任何人的可怜。人送钱,是奉献给神。我们是站在替神收钱的地位上。如果我们收人可怜我们的钱,就是羞辱神,就是羞辱同工。如果是我们故意作得可怜,以致人来可怜我们,就我们真是有罪的了。宁可让人误会我们富有,而在暗中仰望神,更胜于人知道我们的贫穷,而可怜我们。  在这里我们要看见两件事:神的仆人对经济的态度,要非常的独立,总不肯让人说,他是靠人过日子的。他要在经济上荣耀神。另一面,地方教会总得尽力量帮助神的工人和工作,总得尽力量把钱送到工作里去。这并不是说,你把钱只送给住在你那里作工的弟兄。你要像腓立比人那样,一次二次的打发人馈送到保罗那里,也要像马其顿人那样补满保罗的需用。这不像今天的教会,一地只供给一个“牧师”。你要看见各地工人和工作的需要。神要你把钱送到那里,你就要送到那里。今天汇兑这么便当的时候,神的孩子们如果只注重一地的需要,就实在没有远大属灵的眼光。  这两边的事,必须看得很平均。在工人方面,总不该盼望人供给他什么。他一仰望人的供给,就立刻失去他工人的地位。但在教会方面,供给工人也是该的。一面工人自己应当负工作的责任,绝对不应当仰望弟兄和教会。但另一面在一个地方的教会,应当竭力帮助各地的工作。工作的结果,是为着地方教会的,他的目的,是为要造就、建立、复兴教会。神用不着没有信心的工人,神也用不着没有爱心的地方教会和弟兄。我顶喜欢以斯帖的事。哈曼要害死犹大人。末底改叫人送信求救于以斯帖说,“此时你若闭口不言,犹大人必从别处得解脱、蒙拯救,你和你父家,必至灭亡。”(斯四14)他的意思是:神欢喜你,就借着你的手拯救犹大人。你若不作,神也能借着别人的手来作。无论如何,神总是要拯救犹大人的。我喜欢那一个人的这句话。神总是要供给工作的需要的。不过不知道这个荣耀是给那一个地方的教会。这个人不来帮助,神也要兴起别人。不过头一个人失去帮助神工作的荣耀而已。
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此时你若闭口不言,犹大人必从别处得解脱,蒙拯救;你和你父家就必灭亡。焉知你得了王后的位分,不是为现今这样的时机么?
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  如果地方教会的灵性好,就定规知道如何供给工人。哥林多人只怕给保罗用了钱,所以保罗就不用他们的钱。哥林多人属肉体,怕保罗用他们的钱,保罗就不收他们的钱。腓立比的信徒属灵些,所以就一次二次打发人供给保罗的需用。什么时候工人的眼睛仰望教会,什么时候工人就堕落了。什么时候教会不打算供给工人,什么时候教会也堕落了。所以每一个神的工人,对于神的教会,都得取保罗的态度。每一个教会,对于神的工人,都得取腓立比的态度。  如果地方的教会属灵,他们就要向来到他们中间作客旅的工人忠心,帮助他们“往前行”(约叁5~6)。但是地方教会就是不供给,他们也并无手续上的错误,只有灵性上的错误。在属灵的责任上,地方的教会是应当如此帮助工作的。
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亲爱的,凡你向作客旅之弟兄所行的,都是忠信的;
他们在召会面前见证了你的爱;你照着与神相配的,送他们往前行,就作得好;
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  一个工人,要与地方教会界限分得清楚;一切经济的责任,也要与地方教会界限分得清楚。如果工人是短期在一个地方,是被地方教会请去有短期的工作,就他们所有的接待,可以尽情领受。如果是长期,是要住下来,就工人当立刻负自己的责,不能接受人的款待。我们一接受人长期的款待,就立刻失去我们仰望神的信心。人就是甘心接待,我们也得拒绝。我们不能把信心放在一边,而靠弟兄的爱心过活。我们只能因信而活。弟兄们就是有爱心,也不应当负工人的责。弟兄们只可像腓立比人有不时的馈送。腓立比人馈送的这个原则,是非常紧要的。神只许可馈送,神不许可负责。  如果有一个工人,到一个地方,地方教会可以短期招待,但不当长期负责。如果地方教会负工人的责,就叫工人不是靠信心而活,乃是靠爱心而活了。所以地方教会宁可学腓立比人的馈送,不负其他的责任。宁可送伙食的钱给他们自己去付,而不替他们代付伙食的钱。这样,就可叫神的工人,一直仰望神过日子。  每一蒙神呼召作工的人,要专心仰望主供给一切的需用。教会并不负工人需用的责任,也不负工人得任何好处的责任。工人一切的责任,是工人自己要负的。地方教会可以表示他们的爱心,但地方教会不负任何的责任。如果说工人的需用,是地方教会该负正式的责任的,就是一个大错。地方教会有爱心的帮助,却无当负的责任。地方教会,绝对不负工人任何的责任。地方教会,不只不负工人薪水的责任,连房租、路费的责任也不负。一切和工人有关系的,都得工人自己负责。  保罗对哥林多的信徒说,“我们未曾亏负谁,未曾败坏谁,未曾占谁的便宜。”(林后七2)又说,“除了我不累着你们这一件事,你们还有什么事不及别的教会呢?”(十二13。)他又对帖撒罗尼迦的信徒说,“因为我们从来没有用过谄媚的话,这是你们知道的;也没有藏着贪心,这是神可以作见证的。”(帖前二5)又说,“弟兄们,你们记念我们的辛苦劳碌,昼夜作工,传神的福音给你们,免得叫你们一人受累。”(9)又说,“也未尝白吃人的饭;倒是辛苦劳碌,昼夜作工,免得叫你们一人受累。”(帖后三8)你看见,这是使徒的态度。总要记得,不叫任何的教会受累,也不叫任何的弟兄受累;不占任何人的便宜,不可有一点的贪心。这是神的工人所该有的态度。不只我们不出雇,不只我们不向地方教会收固定的薪水,并且任何便宜都不可占。宁可让地方教会占工人的便宜,工人绝对不可占地方教会的便宜。
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你们要容纳我们,我们未曾亏负谁,未曾败坏谁,未曾占谁的便宜。
因为除了我自己不累着你们以外,你们还有什么事不及其余的召会?这不公之处,你们饶恕我吧!
因为我们从来没有用过谄媚的话,就如你们所知道的;也没有借掩饰而贪婪,这是神可以作见证的。
弟兄们,你们原记得我们的劳碌辛苦;我们是昼夜作工,把神的福音传扬给你们,免得叫你们任何人受累。
也未尝白吃任何人的饭,倒是劳碌辛苦,昼夜作工,免得叫你们任何人受累。
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  一件最可羞耻的事,就是名是为神作工,名是靠神过日子,但是从来没有看见自己的地位,和神的荣耀,却存心以为自己是贫穷的人,是“倚靠神过日子”的人,所以,是应该受人的可怜、占人的便宜的。岂知没有一人应当比神的工人更大方的。因着倚靠神的缘故,他们能够不贪小利,不占人的小便宜,特别是教会的。教会的灯火、伙食、房屋、报纸、用品,我们应当在任何的情形之下,不占其利益。短期的接受招待固然是可以的,但是,在存心和态度上,要严严的注意占便宜的行为,和类似占便宜的行为。人如果以为工人是可以占教会便宜的,就是羞辱神的思想。一个普通的弟兄,如何没有权利可以占教会的便宜,工人也是一样的。没有一件事显出工人的人格,更过于对付小利益、小便宜的态度。在这一点上不注意的人,更好是另找职业。  钱实在是太会影响人了!所以,事奉神的人必须自己切实的信神。工人在工作上的行止,是非常紧要的。所以,就是在接受馈送上,也不可让馈送影响了我们的路途。如果我们有真实地信心,真实地遵行神的旨意,就不会受地方教会的经济影响我们的行止。作工的行止,如果受了供给的影响,就不过是觅食、是就食,这是十分可耻的!在我们的行止中,我们要自问:到底我是完全因着神的旨意呢?或是也受了地方教会经济的影响呢?千万不可因为某地方可收入的钱多,就多往那地方去;某地方可希望的钱少,就少到那地方去。要记得:我们在这里乃是为着事奉主,并不是为着谋生。
 
  不只工人自己个人的需用,是自己当倚靠神;就是工作的需用,工人也该完全倚靠神。神如果呼召你,工作是你负责,工作方面经济的需要,也是你该负责的。一个工人,要负个人经济的责任,也要负自己工作经济的责任。工人个人的责任,如何不能叫人负;工作经济的责任,也如何不能叫人负。.  假如一个弟兄,到一个地方去作工,一切都该是他负责。不只工作的起头,是工人负责,就是工作的继续,也是工人负责。工人负工作经济的责任,要像工人负个人经济的责任一样。工人不能负自己的责任,不配作工人;工人不能负工作的责任,也不配作工人。保罗从来是自己负工作的责任,他从来没有叫教会受累。  所有的工人,都是个人负个人经济的责任;也得负工作经济的责任。比方有一个弟兄被神呼召到边荒去传福音,所有在边荒地方开工的需要,像房租、椅子、器具等等,至少要几百元。谁负这个责任呢?不是仰望什么地方的聚会来供给,也不是仰望什么弟兄姊妹来供给;乃是作工的人,因着信靠神、仰望神的缘故,起来负这个责任。神派人去作工,工人不只要负他个人的责任,也要负他工作的责任。你若觉得神要你到一个地方去开工,你应当祷告得着供给,来负完全的责任。我记得在广州的时候,我也曾这样的讲过。有一个弟兄说,我本想出来作工,现在被你的话吓退了。我说这是更好的。工人是要负工作经济完全责任的。我们没有一个接济工作的机关。我们所有的同工,都是自己负自己和工作的责任。你觉得清楚神要你作什么,你就要去作。你不能仰望教会,仰望弟兄,仰望什么机关。你要仰望神,仰望祂使你能负工作经济完全的责任。  工作是工人的。不只出外传福音的是如此,就是其他的也都是如此。信徒们如果觉得,这一个工作是出乎神的,他就可以帮助这个工作。不然,他就可以不帮助。任何出乎信心的工作,根本与地方教会不发生团体上的关系。慕勒先生在不列斯铎所办的孤儿院,就是一例。他乃是当地教会的一分子,但是孤儿院乃是他和他的同工所负责办的。他们并没有仰望当地的聚会负责供给,他们乃是完全仰望神。因为他们觉得这工作是神要他们作的。当地聚会的弟兄姊妹要帮助是可以的,但这个工作不是当地聚会负责的。办得起来是慕勒的责任;办不起来也是慕勒的责任。他并非倚靠聚会来供给,乃是倚靠神来供给。各种的工作,都是同样的例。所有的工作都是一个人或是几个人在神面前负责的。  一位弟兄问说,好不好有一辆福音车?我承认这个已经长久在我心里了。但是,神还没有兴起人来作这样的工。求神赐款买一辆车是很容易的事。但是,我们不能买一辆车请人出去作工,而我们负其经济的责任。如果这样,就工人没有负工作经济的责任。如果他们短少汽油、零件、及其他的需要,他们就要回来问我们要。他们就变作只作工,而不负工作经济责任的人了。这一个是圣经所没有的。所以,我们如果看见有这个需要,就应该自己起来负这个责任,或是求神感动人,起来作这样的工,供给他们的需要。必须有能负工作经济责任的工人,那个工作才是实在的。所以若有两三人看见这是神要他们作的工作,他们自己应该完全负责任。有人帮助也好,没有人帮助也好,他们要负完全的责任。我们最多只能在旁边按着神的旨意来帮助。但是,责任是要他们负的。我们不能买一辆车,叫人来作不负经济责任的工人。从来没有别的个人,或是地方的教会来负工作的责任的。工作是工人负责的。千万不要将责任推到别人或是教会的身上。你如果不能负责,更好是不作。  我们还应当分别,款项是为着我们个人的,或是为我们工作的。凡一切是给我们个人的,我们就可以收用;如果是为着工作的,我们个人就不可用,只可用之于工作。我们必须学习公义,将个人与工作的款项好好分开。没有一个工人是可以将工作的钱,作为个人的用度的。我永远不会忘记,“我的天父是火车车长”那一篇故事。里面说戴德生先生到圣路易去作工,许多人送了许多的钱。之后,他应当赶到某地去聚会,但是能够按时到会的火车已开了。他就在车站等第二班车。忽然有个人跑来送他一点钱。他就对给他送行的白路克先生说,“看,神现在才送车费来!”白先生希奇,问说,他岂不是已经收了许多钱么?戴德生说,是,但是,他从来不用不是明写是为着他个人用的钱。所以,那个人所给他的,才是神给他的车费,因为那是给他个人的。后来神安排使他搭第二班车,也能准时到会。这个故事在我才出来作工的时候,落在我手中,也不知道帮助了我多少。感谢神!  我知道在这些的日子中,人是注意神的工作,而忽略了神的工人的。但是,我们到底是事奉谁呢?我们如果是真心倚靠神的,我们定规要看见,信靠祂的人,必不至于遇见羞愧。我们的神是活的。读慕勒先生的传,我们看见他没有向任何的人,提起他个人的需要,但是,神不只供给他工作上的需要,并且也丰富地供给他个人的需要。他也是一个将工作和个人的款项分得顶清楚地人。工作有缺乏,工人要负全责;工作有裕余,工人不能取为己用。工人总不应当沾工作的光。我们的神是活的神,祂如何能供给工作上的用度,也能供给我们个人的用度。我们乃是天空的小鸟,地上的百合花!我们能相信祂。我们不肯把工作的钱,和别的钱混在一起。
 
  在同工中间,每一个工人,都该记得,彼此的背景不一样,彼此的生活不一样,神所赐的信心大小不一样,主所赐的恩赐也不一样,所以无所羡慕,也无所嫉妒。如果有的弟兄多有所得,是他个人的信心,是他个人从神所得的恩赐。如果有的弟兄少有所得,也是他个人的信心,也是他个人从神所得的恩赐。我们彼此的关系乃是属灵的,而非正式的。所以无所羡慕,也无所嫉妒。  在同工中,有一件事该注意:如果一个工人,只会从别人接受,不会送给别人,就是一个最卑鄙可耻的事。旧约里有一个榜样,就是利未人虽然代表神接受人的奉献,但是,利未人也从所得中,抽十分之一奉献与神。在同工中,感谢神,我们的经历上,虽已是如此;但在原则上,我们更当注意。我们要常常学习供给别人。要记得保罗说,“我这两只手,常供给我和同人的需用。”(徒二十34)我们不应当担心说,我有没有什么可用;我们乃应当常常在心里说,我有没有什么可以送人。如果我们只记得个人的需用,是唯一的需用;工作的需用,是唯一的需用;却不记得同工的需用,我们就堕落得很深了。我们应当记得,我的同人,也是常有需要的。神从来不祝福只会收、不会送的人。如果谁是只收不送的,就是一个可羞耻的工人。我们必须抱一个态度,就是“我和我的同人”。神的钱不只是为着我,也是为着我的同人。有一位弟兄对我说,“你何必管这么多的事呢?神会送钱给他们。你又不是差会,何必管他们的事呢?”但是他忘记了他的同人。你到底是否一个好的同工,要看你在供给的事上记念不记念你的同工。所有的工人,应当想到送钱给别人,送钱给别的工人。如果有这样作的人,你不应当怪他作,只应当怪你自己不作。
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我这两只手常供给我和同伴的需用,这是你们自己知道的。
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  神理财的原则,是“多收的也没有余,少收的也没有缺”(林后八15)。谁要多收,谁就当作一个无余的人。多收的人当作无余的人,少收的人才会作无缺的人。反之,就多收的人,虽然有余,但是少收的人已经有缺了。我们的心中总得想帮助少收的,叫他们无缺。神就会叫我们多收。不然,神就只得让我们作个少收无缺的人。能够有权利帮助别的弟兄姊妹,是何等的有福呢!只会肥己,不会帮助别人的人,是不会多收的。在这件事上,我们不只不占别人的便宜,并且我们还要尽力叫别人得益处。从来钱是越用越有的。积存的钱都是生锈的钱,也是预备给贼偷去的钱。
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如经上所记:“多收的没有余,少收的也没有缺。”
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  在工作和工作之间,也得彼此顾念,彼此帮助。我们不要惧怕神更祝福别人的工作,别人的工作得着更多的供给。我们应当在弟兄中,学习叫人注意别人的工作,和别人的需要;学习提倡别人的工作。我们能将别人的事情排在弟兄的面前。不要惧怕,不要妒忌。一切神所要赐给你的,没有一点会落到别人的手中。要相信神,要爱别的工人。当你忘记了自己,帮助别人的时候,你要看见神要负责,使你得着你所需要的供给。我深深地相信,保罗和他的同工,也不知道有多少的需要,但是他只把圣徒的需要、长老的需要,排在众教会面前。但是,神却负责供给他一切的需用!  当苏丹腹地会(在阿比西尼亚作工)才成立的时候,该会的负责人宾汉往见驻多伦多中国内地会的主任。问以有何方法,能使城中的信徒注意苏丹的工作。那位弟兄就给他许多的人名,说他们是城中最注意国外布道,时常帮助中国内地会的信徒,并且介绍他去见他们。宾汉说,你不怕他们今后移转他们的钱,帮助苏丹腹地会么?那位弟兄说,神给我们的每一块钱,必定到我们这里来,没有一块钱会到你的地方去。你永远不会得着神所给我们的钱。当神的孩子给你们更多的钱的时候,他们也必给我们更多的钱。这是何等的信心!何等的爱心!后来年日的收入,证明他的话是不错的。
 
  你们既然觉得神的工人是应当倚靠神过日子的,而你们又相信工作是有团体的,你们的同工又有相当的数目,那么你们为什么不组织成功一个信心的差会呢?这是许多人问我们的。是的,我们为什么不合起来,组织一个信心的差会呢?什么叫信心的差会?就是有一布道的团体,其中的人谁也没有固定的薪水,乃是把所有的收入,按多寡平均分给众人。他们的收入,并不是向人捐来的,乃是凭祷告得来的。他们有了收入,或是按月,或是按礼拜,按人来分。这一个就叫信心的差会。收入多就多分,收入少就少分。像××会等,他们都是这样信心生活的团体。有人问我们说,你们既然不肯组成普通的差会,但为什么不组成一个信心的差会呢?如果一个领取薪水的布道机关不对,那些信心的差会,总算为可以的了。  但是,两件事总该记得:一件事,就是在圣经的同工中,只有属灵的结合,没有正式的机关。如果有一形式上合作的机关,就不只有属灵的团体,也有正式的团体了。这样,就叫同工中,在神面前的属灵关系,变作正式的关系;一个属灵的团体,变作一个官样的机关了。第二,信心的差会,虽然说是大家倚靠神,但机关的倚靠神,总不如个人的倚靠神。圣经中只有个人的信心,从来没有这种团体的信心。  去年同工聚会时,有一位姊妹问我说,有一个新起来的布道会,乃是凭着信心设立的。他们的工作真是不错。我们可以不可以同样的去作?我说,他们这样作,我感谢神。但是我们不愿意有一个团体的信心,我们只愿意有个人的信心。因为我们在圣经里只看见个人的信心,看不见团体的信心。并且信心差会多少总有收入,在里面的人,多少总得一分。这样就容易有滥竽充数的人。个人有信心也好,无信心也好,在这个团体里的,总可以得一分。所以,虽然这样的差会是凭着信心生活的,但是,因为这样的差会是半固定性的有供给可以分给其中的分子,自然而然的就会有一个东西放在那里,叫人仰望它。因为在这一条路上多少总有所分的缘故,就怕有不是真信的人进来倚靠这一个。也许起头加入这样的团体时,是有信心的;但是因为有了这个供给团体的缘故,不久就叫他不必倚靠神过日子了。认识肉体的人都知道,我们的眼睛,是最会仰望神之外的一个什么的,是顶容易失去向着神的信心的。千万的人─靠不住地人,千万的机关─无用的机关,我们的肉体是生成会仰望他们的。仰望神是何等的难呢!人的心是顶坏的。自然而然的我们会到一个地步,就是不是等候天上的乌鸦,乃是等候差会的函信。我们是何等的靠不住呢!弟兄们,你看是否如此?我若说错了,求神和你们都饶恕我。  因为我们的眼睛常会忘记泉源,而注意汲器,忘记慈爱的心,而注意经递的手的缘故,所以,天要干旱,才会有溪水和乌鸦;基烈溪滨的水也必须常干,神的乌鸦也必须不来,才会仰望神来得寡妇的供给。神要常换馈送的手,以免我们因着熟识的缘故,就忘记了神是一切的根源,而盼望人作我们的来源了。所以团体的信心,并不帮助人。  圣经里只有个人的信心,没有团体的信心。神是对付一个人,神不对付一个团体。人们可以没有个人的信心,依然可以有一个虚伪团体的信心。所以,信心的差会,并不会造就个人的信心。这是我们以为神给我们看见的,如果是错的,求你们饶恕我们。  我们要在这里郑重地声明:我们因为神没有这样引导的缘故,所以我们没有差会的组织;但是这并不是说,我们反对差会的组织。我们认为圣经并没有差会的组织,但是也没有禁止的明文。我们的弟兄们如果觉得这是神的领导,就但愿神祝福他们。我们没有受同样的领导,我们如果冒昧的也去作,就是大错。但愿你们饶恕我们,在这件事上不能与你们一同作去。但是,一件事是定规的,神的目的乃是一切布道的团体,不管有差会的组织,或是没有差会的组织,都应当不是扩充自己的团体,乃是为着设立、建立地方上的教会。盼望神的子民能在这点上与我们同心,使大家能按着主所分派的职事来服事教会。  有的人说,你们的钱为什么不聚集在一起,然后再分给各处的同工?这样好叫有的不至于收入过多,有的不至于收入过少。这样就下乡的工人无所缺,在城里的工人也不至于太富余了。但我的答应是,谁是教会的元首?谁是这些仆人的主人?我们如果信神会安排乌鸦,我们如果信神会安排寡妇,就没有乡下、城市的分别了。在过去的历史中,有的工人需要多,神的供给也多;有的需要少,神的供给也少。我们如果用肉体来统制,不错,我们能统制收入多少;但是,我们不能统制需要多少。钱有法子统制,但是,需要没有法子统制。我们不能把需要统制到多少,而把钱统制到多少,有什么益处呢?这种统制是不必的,是无益的。  我们相信神的安排么?如果不是祂的旨意,就没有一只麻雀是会从天落下来的(太十29)。难道有一件临到我们身上的事,是不经过祂的手么?我们每一个的供给,都是经过神的手,都是经过神的考虑。我们只有相信神的安排。什么时候人的手一统制,圣灵立刻就失去祂的主权。我们要相信神。祂会安排祂的供给,多少正合乎我们的需要。
--------本段经节汇集--------
两只麻雀不是卖一个铜钱么?没有你们父的许可,一只也不会掉在地上。
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  在乡下的弟兄,他们的需要,也不一定会少,有时反而此在城市的弟兄更多。并且在乡下弟兄的供给,也不一定比城市的供给更少,有时反而比城市来得多。一切都在神的安排之中。我们不相信就不必说,相信神就得相信神是在一切事上显出祂主权的。  求神施恩给我们,叫我们站在神的面前,不用人的方法来维持什么。我们只仰望圣灵的主权,只仰望主的权柄,只仰望神的安排。我们要拒绝一切出于人的法子。神如果没有弃绝我们,祂会安排我们在这条路上所需要的一切供给。神如果弃绝我们,我们就得去投靠人。
 
  我们知道有许多信心的事业,是何等宝贝的工作。神的目的,并不只要人为着祂的缘故,以信心出外作工,神并且喜欢许多人因着相信神而有许多的事业。我个人相信,如果神得着我们更多,就这一类的事业,要更多的兴起。  神在今天的时代中,有许多的事业是祂要作的,有许多的事业是祂需要作的。如果有人兴起,照着神的旨意作去,就不知多好。像文字的工作,虽然有一班弟兄在那里作,但并非说,这就够多了。还有许多需要作的,像栽培少年人的地方;像一种属灵的公寓,便于人退修的地方,叫有的弟兄姊妹,可以多祷告,多读一点圣经;像有的慈善事业,如孤儿院、贫儿院等这一类的工作,也不知多需要。这一类的事业,并非要像使徒那样的奔跑,但是,神也要人作这一类的工作。  我巴不得有更多的弟兄,看见神给他们一个特别的职事,来兴起信心的事业,不只是作使徒,或是那许多专门的工作。这样,神的教会,就要得建立了。不只是使徒帮助教会,这些事业也是帮助教会的。不管是孤儿院也好,不管是慈善事业也好,不管是教育事业也好,如果办的人,真是仰望神,真是肯竭力在其中传福音的话,就要叫地方的教会得着很多益处。我盼望弟兄们多祷告,多有信心,能听神的呼召,来作这些工作。在中国,传福音的工作,可说已经有了;但这一类的工作,实在缺少。我盼望神多兴起人来作,好叫神得着荣耀。  有一件事叫我不能不深深觉得的,就是我们今天的同工虽然不少,但我们都是仰望神,来作直接传福音的工作。我们同工所发起的事业,却不够多。我们在神面前因着信祂的缘故,应当更进取、更尝试、更有为。我们如果是信神的人,我们就不能无为,我们就必定有进取的信心作神所要作的。现在有的事业已经有了,许多的事业还没有,还是可以作的。我们现在虽然有一个福音书房,一年送了百万分以上的单张;虽然有一个查经处,为着造就少年的弟兄;虽然在各地也维持了好些的讲经所;但是,所应当作、所能作的,也不知道还有多少。我们应当不只到一个地方去传福音,这个该有人去作,但还有许多的事业也是需要我们去作的。但愿我们多亲近神,多明白神的心意,多有开疆拓土的信心,多有事业,叫神多得荣耀。
 Having already observed the difference between the work and the churches, between the apostles and the elders, between the basis of a scriptural church and sects, we can now proceed to see how a local church is organized.
 According to the present-day conception, three things are regarded as essential to the existence of a church, apart from the group of Christians who constitute its members. These three are—a “minister,” a church building, and “church services.” The Christian world would question the existence of a church if even one of these three were lacking.
 What would one think these days of a church without a “minister”? Call him pastor or anything else you like, but such a man you certainly must have. As a rule he is specially trained for church work, but he may be either a local man, or a worker transferred from some other place. Whatever his background and qualifications, he gives himself exclusively to the affairs of the church. Thus, those in the churches are divided into two classes—the clergy, who make it their business to attend to spiritual matters, and the laity, who devote themselves to secular things. Then of course there must be church services, for which the minister is responsible, and the most essential of these is the Sunday morning gathering. You may call it a service, or a meeting, or whatever you choose, but such a gathering there must be at least every Sunday, when the church members sit in their pews and listen to the sermon their minister has prepared. And naturally there must be a church building. You may term it a hall, a meeting place, a chapel, or a church; but whatever you care to call it, such a place there must be. Otherwise, how could you ever “go to church” on Sundays? But what is considered essential to a church these days, was considered totally unnecessary in the early days of the Church’s history. Let us see what the Word of God has to say on the matter.
 
THE “MINISTER,” OR WORKER, IN CHURCH GOVERNMENT
 “Paul and Timothy, slaves of Christ Jesus, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, with the overseers and deacons” (Phil. 1:1). In not a single scriptural church do we find any mention of a “minister” controlling its affairs; such a position is always occupied by a group of local elders. And nowhere do we get a clearer or more comprehensive presentation of the personnel of a church than in the verse just quoted from the Philippian letter. The church consists of all the saints, the overseers, and the deacons. The deacons are the men appointed to serve tables (Acts 6:2-6), that is, those who care exclusively for the business side of things. The overseers are the elders, who take the oversight of all church matters. (Acts 20:17, 28, and Titus 1:5, 7 make this quite clear.) And besides the overseers and the deacons, there are all the saints. These three classes comprise the entire church, and no other class of person can be introduced into any church without making it an unscriptural organization.
 Before we go on to consider the elders, let us glance for a moment at the deacons. They do not occupy such an important position as the elders, who rule the church; they are chosen by the church to serve it. They are the executors who carry out the decisions of the Holy Spirit through the elders and the church. Because the deacons have actually more to do with assembly life than with the work, we think it sufficient to just make this brief mention of them.
 There are two points in connection with the elders that call for special attention. First, they are chosen from among the common brethren. They are not workers who have a special call from God to devote themselves exclusively to spiritual work. As a rule they have their families, and their business duties, and are just ordinary believers of good reputation. Second, elders are chosen from among the local brethren. They are not transferred from other places, but are set apart just in the place where they live, and they are not called to leave their ordinary occupations, but simply to devote their spare time to the responsibilities of the church. The members of the church are local men, and as elders are chosen from among the ordinary members, it follows that they are also local men (Acts 14:23; Titus 1:5).
 And since all scriptural elders are local brothers, if we transfer a man from some other place to control a church, we are departing from scriptural ground. Here again we see the difference between the churches and the work. A brother may be transferred to another place to take care of the work there, but no brother can be sent out of his own locality to bear the burdens of the church in another place. The churches of God are all governed by elders, and elders are all chosen from among the local brethren.
 If a group of men are saved in a certain place, and a worker is left in charge of them, then it is inaccurate to refer to that company as a church. If affairs are still in the hands of the worker and have not passed into the hands of the local brothers, then it is still his work; it is not a church. Let us make this distinction clear: the work is always in the hands of the workers, and the church is always in the hands of the local brethren. Whenever a worker is in control of affairs, then it is a question of work, not of a church.
 It has been pointed out before that in God’s Word there are local elders, but no local apostles. When Paul left Titus in Crete, his object was not that Titus should manage church affairs there, but that he should appoint elders in every place so that they could take charge of affairs. The business of the worker is to found churches and appoint elders, never to take direct responsibility in the churches. If in any place an apostle takes responsibility for the affairs of the local church, he either changes the nature of his office or the nature of the church. No apostle coming from another place is qualified for the office of local elder; the post can only be occupied by local men.
 Let us who have been called of God to the work be absolutely clear on this point, that we were never called to settle down as pastors in any place. We may revisit the churches we have founded and help the believers we formerly led to the Lord, but we can never become their “minister” and bear the responsibility of spiritual affairs on their behalf. They must be satisfied with the elders appointed by the apostles and learn to honor and obey them. Obviously it needs more grace on the part of the believers to submit themselves to others of their own number and of their own rank, than to yield to the control of a man who comes from another place and has special qualifications for spiritual work. But God has so ordained it, and we bow to His wisdom.
 The relationship between the work and the church is really very simple. A worker preaches the gospel, souls are saved, and after a short lapse of time a few of the comparatively advanced ones are chosen from among them to be responsible for local affairs. Thus a church is established! The apostle then follows the leading of the Spirit to another place, and history is repeated there. So the spiritual life and activity of the local church develops, because the believers bear their own responsibility; and the work extends steadily because the apostles are free to move from place to place preaching the gospel and founding new churches.
 The first question usually asked in connection with a church is, “Who is the minister?” The thought in the questioner’s mind is, “Who is the man responsible for ministering and administering spiritual things in this church?” The clerical system of church management is exceedingly popular, but the whole thought is foreign to Scripture, where we find the responsibility of the church committed to elders, not to “ministers” as such. And the elders only take oversight of the church work; they do not perform it on behalf of the brethren. If, in a company of believers, the minister is active and the church members are all passive, then that company is a mission, not a church. In a church all the members are active. The difference between the elders and the other members is that the latter work, while the former both work themselves and also oversee the others as they work. Since the question of elders has been dealt with elsewhere, we shall make no further reference to it here.
 
THE MEETING PLACE
 Another thing which is considered of vital importance to the existence of a church is a church building. The thought of a church is so frequently associated with a church building, that the building itself is often referred to as “the church.” But in God’s Word it is the living believers who are called the church, not the bricks and mortar (see Acts 5:11; Matt. 18:17). According to Scripture it is not even necessary for a church to have a place definitely set apart for fellowship. The Jews always had their special meeting places, and wherever they went they made a point of building a synagogue in which to worship God. The first apostles were Jews, and the Jewish tendency to build special places of worship was natural to them. Had Christianity required that places be set apart for the specific purpose of worshipping the Lord, the early apostles, with their Jewish background and natural tendencies, would have been ready enough to build them. The amazing thing is that, not only did they not put up special buildings, but they seem to have ignored the whole subject intentionally. It is Judaism, not Christianity, which teaches that there must be sanctified places for divine worship. The temple of the New Testament is not a material edifice; it consists of living persons, all believers in the Lord. Because the New Testament temple is spiritual, the question of meeting places for believers, or places of worship, is one of minor importance. Let us turn to the New Testament and see how the question of meeting places is dealt with there.
 When our Lord was on earth, He met with His disciples at times on the hillside and at times by the sea. He gathered them around Him now in a house, again in a boat, and there were times when He drew apart with them in an upper room. But there was no consecrated place, where He habitually met with His own. At Pentecost the disciples were gathered in an upper room, and after Pentecost they either met all together in the temple or separately in different houses (Acts 2:46), or at times in the portico of Solomon (Acts 5:12). They met for prayer in various homes, Mary’s being one of them (Acts 12:12), and we read that on a certain occasion they were assembled in a room on the third floor of a building (Acts 20:8). Judging from these passages, the believers assembled in a great variety of places and had no official meeting place. They simply made use of any building that suited their needs, whether a private home, or just a room in a house, or else a large public building such as the temple, or even a wide space like the portico of Solomon. They had no buildings specially set apart for church use; they had nothing which would correspond to the “church” of today.
 “And on the first day of the week, when we gathered together to break bread, Paul conversed with them.…And there were a considerable number of lamps in the upper room where we were gathered together. And a certain young man named Eutychus was sitting in the window” (Acts 20:7-9). In Troas we find the believers meeting in the third story of a building. There is a delightfully unofficial air about this gathering, such a contrast to the present-day conventional services, with the church members all sitting stiffly in their pews. But this Troas meeting was a truly scriptural one. There was no official stamp upon it; it bore the marks of real life, in its perfect naturalness and pure simplicity. It was quite all right for some of the saints to sit on the window-ledge, or for others to sit on the floor, as Mary did of old. In our assemblies we must return to the principle of the upper room. The ground floor is a place for business, a place for men to come and go; but there is more of a home atmosphere about the upper room, and the gatherings of God’s children are family affairs. The last supper was in an upper room; so was Pentecost, and so again was the meeting here. God wants the intimacy of the upper room to mark the gatherings of His children, not the stiff formality of an imposing public edifice.
 That is why in the Word of God we find His children meeting in the family atmosphere of a private home. We read of the church in the house of Prisca and Aquila (Rom. 16:5; 1 Cor. 16:19), the church in the house of Nymphas (Col. 4:15), and the church in the house of Philemon (Philem. 2). The New Testament mentions at least these three different churches that were in the homes of believers. How did churches come to be in such homes? If in a certain place there were a few believers, and one of them had a house large enough to accommodate them all, they quite naturally assembled there, and the Christians in that locality were called “the church in the house of So-and-so.”
 Everything must begin at the beginning. When a church is founded, the believers from the very outset must learn to meet by themselves, either in their own homes or in some other building which they are able to secure. Of course, not every church is a church in a house, but a church in a house should be encouraged rather than considered as a drawback. If the number of believers is great and the sphere of the locality wide, they might need to meet, as the saints in Jerusalem did, in different houses (which may mean homes, halls, or any other building) instead of in one house. There was only one church in Jerusalem, but its members assembled in different houses. The principle of houses still applies today. This does not mean that the whole church will always meet separately; in fact, it is important, and of great profit, for all the believers to gather together quite regularly in one place (1 Cor. 14:23). To make such meetings possible, they could either borrow or rent a public place for the occasion, or, if they have sufficient means, they could acquire a hall permanently for the purpose. But the meeting place for the believers could generally be in a private home. If this is not available, and not suitable, of course other buildings could be acquired. But we should try to encourage meetings in the homes of the Christians.
 The grand edifices of today, with their lofty spires, speak of the world and the flesh rather than of the Spirit, and in many ways they are not nearly as well suited to the purpose of Christian assembly as the private homes of God’s people. In the first place, people feel much freer to speak of spiritual things in the unconventional atmosphere of a home than in a spacious church building where everything is conducted in a formal manner; besides, there is not the same possibility for mutual intercourse there. Somehow, as soon as people enter those special buildings, they involuntarily settle down to passivity, and wait to be preached to. A family atmosphere should pervade all gatherings of the children of God, so that the brothers even feel free to ask questions (1 Cor. 14:35). Everything should be under the control of the Spirit, but there should be the liberty of the Spirit too. Further, if the churches are in the private homes of the brethren, they naturally feel that all the interests of the church are their interests. There is a sense of closeness of relationship between themselves and the church. Many Christians feel that church affairs are something quite beyond them. They have no intimate concern in them, because in the first place they have their “minister” who is specially responsible for all such affairs, and then they have a great church building which seems so remote from their homes, and where matters are conducted so systematically and with such precision that one feels overpowered and bound in spirit.
 Still further, the meetings in believers’ homes can be a fruitful testimony to the neighbors around, and they provide an opportunity for witness and gospel preaching. Many who are not willing to go to a “church” will be glad to go to a private house. And the influence is most helpful for the families of the Christians. From early days the children will be surrounded by a spiritual atmosphere, and will have constant opportunity to see the reality of eternal things. Again, if meetings are in the homes of the Christians, the Church is saved much material loss. One of the reasons the Christians survived the Roman persecutions during the first three centuries of Church history, was that they had no special buildings for worship, but met in cellars and caves and other inconspicuous places. Such meeting places were not readily discovered by their persecutors; but the large and costly edifices of today would be easily located and destroyed, and the churches would be speedily wiped out. The imposing structures of our modern times convey an impression of the world rather than of the Christ whose name they bear. (The halls and other buildings required for the work are quite another matter; we are speaking here only of the churches.)
 So the scriptural method of church organization is simple in the extreme. As soon as there are a few believers in a place, they begin to meet in one of their homes. If numbers increase so that it becomes impracticable to meet in one house, then they can meet in several different houses, but the entire company of believers can meet together once in a while in some public place. A hall for such purposes could either be borrowed, rented, or built, according to the financial condition of the church; but we must remember that the ideal meeting places of the saints are their own private homes.
 Meetings connected with the work are arranged along totally different lines, and are entirely under the auspices of the workers. They are on the principle of Paul’s own rented house in Rome. As we have seen, when Paul reached Rome a church was already in existence there, and the believers already had their regular gatherings. Paul did not use the meeting place of the church for his work, but rented a separate place, as he stayed for a prolonged period in Rome. In Troas he only stayed for a week, so he did not rent a place there, but simply accepted the hospitality of the church. When he went away, the special meetings he had been conducting there ceased, but the brethren in Troas still continued their own meetings. If a worker intends to remain for a considerable period in any place, then he must obtain a separate center for his work and not make use of the church’s meeting place. Frequently such a center will require more extensive accommodation than the meeting place of the church. If the Lord calls some of His servants to maintain a permanent testimony in a given place, then the call for a special building in connection with the work may be much greater than the need of premises is in connection with the church. It is almost essential to have a hall if the work is to be carried on in any place, whereas the homes of the brethren will nearly always meet the needs of the church meetings.
 
THE MEETING
 Before we consider the question of meeting, let us first say a few words concerning the nature of the Church. Christ is the Head of the Church and “we who are many are one body in Christ, and individually members one of another” (Rom. 12:5). Apart from Christ, the Church has no head; all believers are only members, and they are “members one of another.” Mutuality expresses the nature of the Church, for all the relationships among believers are of one member to another, never of a head to the members. All those who compose a church take their place as members of the Body, not one occupying the position of head. The whole life of the church, and all its activities, must be stamped by this characteristic of mutuality.
 But the nature of the work is quite different from that of the church. In the work there are active and passive groups. The apostles are active, and those among whom they labor are passive, whereas in the church all are active. In the work, activity is one-sided; in the church it is all-round.
 When we recognize the fundamental difference between the nature of the work and the church, then we shall easily understand the scriptural teaching concerning the meetings which we are about to consider. There are two different kinds of meetings in Scripture—the church meeting and the apostolic meeting. If we are to differentiate clearly between the two, we must first understand the different nature of church and work. Once we see that clearly, a glance at the nature of any meeting will make it obvious to what sphere it belongs; but if we fail to realize the distinction, we shall constantly confuse the church with the work. In the early Church there were meetings which were definitely connected with the churches, and others that were just as definitely connected with the work. In the latter only one man spoke, and all the others constituted his audience. One stood before the others, and by his preaching directed the thoughts and hearts of those who sat quietly listening. This type of meeting can be recognized at once as a meeting connected with the apostolic work, because it bears the character of the work, that is, activity on the one side and passivity on the other. There is no stamp of mutuality about it. In the church meetings, “each one has a psalm, has a teaching, has a revelation, has a tongue, has an interpretation” (1 Cor. 14:26). Here it is not a case of one leading and all the others following, but of each one contributing his share of spiritual helpfulness. True, only a few of those present take part, but all may; only a few are actual contributors to the meeting, but all are potential contributors. The Scriptures show these two distinct kinds of meetings—apostolic meetings, which are led by one man, and church meetings, in which all the local brethren are free to take part.
 The apostolic meetings may be divided into two classes—for believers and for unbelievers. The meeting which was held immediately after the Church came into existence was an apostolic meeting for unbelievers (Acts 2:14). The gatherings in the portico of Solomon (Acts 3:11) and in the house of Cornelius (Acts 10) were of the same nature, and there are still other records of similar meetings in the book of Acts. They were clearly apostolic meetings, not church meetings, because one man spoke and all the others listened. Paul’s preaching at Troas was to the brethren (Acts 20). Whether it was in the church or not, it was still apostolic in nature, for it was one-sided, the apostle alone speaking to the whole assembly, and not the various members taking part for their mutual edification. Paul preached to the brethren at Troas because he was passing through that place, and any apostle passing through a place as he did would be free to respond to an invitation from the brethren to help them spiritually. Then when Paul was in Rome, the believers came to his rented room to hear him witness (Acts 28:23, 30-31). This work again is specifically apostolic in nature, because one man is active, while the others are passive.
 The second kind of meeting is mentioned in the first Epistle to the Corinthians:
 If therefore the whole church comes together in one place, and all speak in tongues, and some unlearned in tongues or unbelievers enter, will they not say that you are insane?…What then, brothers? Whenever you come together, each one has a psalm, has a teaching, has a revelation, has a tongue, has an interpretation. Let all things be done for building up. If anyone speaks in a tongue, it should be by two, or at the most three, and in turn, and one should interpret; but if there is no interpreter, he should be silent in the church, and speak to himself and to God. And as to prophets, two or three should speak, and the others discern. But if something is revealed to another sitting by, the first should be silent. For you can all prophesy one by one that all may learn and all may be encouraged. And the spirits of prophets are subject to prophets; for God is not a God of confusion but of peace. As in all the churches of the saints (4:23, 26-33).
 This is obviously a church meeting, because it is not one man leading while all the others follow, but each gifted one contributing to the meeting as the Spirit directs. In the apostolic meetings there is a definite distinction between the preacher and his audience, but in this kind of meeting any gifted member of the church may be preacher and any may be audience. Nothing is determined by man, and each takes part as the Spirit leads. It is not an “all-man” ministry, but a Holy Spirit ministry. The prophets and teachers minister the Word as the Lord gives it, while others minister to the assembly in other ways. Not all can prophesy and teach, but all can seek to prophesy and teach (v. 1). An opportunity is given to each member of the church to help others, and an opportunity is given to each one to be helped. One brother may speak at one stage of the gathering and another later on; you may be chosen of the Spirit to help the brethren this time, and I next time. Everything in the meeting is governed throughout by the principle of “two or three” (vv. 27, 29). Even the same two or three prophets are not permanently appointed to minister to the meetings, but at each meeting the Spirit chooses any two or three from among all the prophets present. That such assemblies are assemblies of the church is seen at a glance, because the stamp of mutuality is clearly upon all the proceedings.
 There is only one verse in the New Testament which speaks of the importance of Christians meeting together; it is Hebrews 10:25: “Not abandoning our own assembling together, as the custom with some is, but exhorting one another; and so much the more as you see the day drawing near.” This verse shows that the object of such assembling is to exhort “one another.” This is obviously not an apostolic meeting, for it is not a case of one man exhorting the entire assembly, but all the members bearing equal responsibility to exhort one another. A church meeting has the stamp of “one another” upon it.
 There are several purposes for which the church meets, as recorded in Scripture. First, for prayer (Acts 2:42; 4:24, 31; 12:5); second, for reading (Col. 4:16; 1 Thes. 5:27; Acts 2:42; 15:21, 30-31); third, for the breaking of bread—which are not meetings presided over by a single individual who bears all responsibility, since reference is made to “the cup of blessing which we bless…the bread which we break” (1 Cor. 10:16-17; Acts 2:42; 20:7); and fourth, for the exercise of spiritual gifts (1 Cor. 14). The last type of meeting is a church meeting, for the phrase “in the church” is used repeatedly in the passage which describes it (vv. 28, 34-35). Of this meeting it is said that all may prophesy. How different from one man preaching and all the others sitting quietly in the pew listening to his sermon! That meeting has no place among the different gatherings of the church, for its nature makes it evident that it is an apostolic meeting, and being an apostolic meeting, it belongs to the sphere of the work, not of the church. Meetings where activity is one-sided do not come within the scope of the church, for they lack the distinctive feature of all church gatherings; and where any attempt is made to fit them into the church program, much trouble is sure to result.
 Today, alas! this style of meeting is the chief feature of the churches. No meeting is attended with such regularity as this one. Who is considered a really good Christian? Is it not one who comes to church fifty-two Sunday mornings in the year to hear the minister preach? But this is passivity, and it heralds death. Even he who has attended “church” fifty-two Sundays in the year has not really been once to a church meeting. He has only gone to a meeting in connection with the work. I do not imply that we should never have this kind of meeting, but the point is that such a meeting is part of the work and is not part of the church. If you have a worker in the locality, then you may have this type of meeting, not otherwise. The local church, as a church, has no such meetings. Where they are found in connection with a church, we must discourage them and help believers to see that church meetings are conducted by the church. If apostolic meetings take the place of church meetings, then the church members become passive and indolent, always expecting to be helped, instead of seeking, in dependence upon the Spirit, to be helpful to the other members. It is contrary to the New Testament principles of mutual help and mutual edification. The reason the churches in China are still so weak, after a hundred years of Christian missions, is that God’s servants have introduced into the local churches a type of meeting that really belongs to the work, and the church members have naturally concluded that if they attend such services and just passively receive all that is taught them there, they have performed the chief part of their Christian duty. Individual responsibility has been lost sight of, and passivity has hindered the development of spiritual life throughout the churches.
 Further, to maintain the Sunday morning preaching, you must have a good preacher. Therefore, a worker is not only needed to manage church affairs, but also to maintain the meetings for spiritual uplift. It is only natural, if a good address is to be delivered every Sunday, that the churches hope for someone who is better qualified to preach than recently converted local brothers. How could they be expected to produce a good sermon once a week? And who could be expected to preach better than a specially called servant of God? So an apostle settles down to pastor the church, and consequently the churches and the work both lose their distinctive features. The result is serious loss in both directions. On the one hand, the brethren become lazy and selfish because their thought is only centered on themselves and the help they can receive, and on the other hand, unevangelized territories are left without workers because apostles have settled down to be elders. For lack of activity the spiritual growth of the churches is arrested, and for lack of apostles the extension of the work is arrested too.
 Since so much havoc has been wrought by introducing a feature of the work into the churches, and thus robbing both of their true nature, we must differentiate clearly between meetings that belong specifically to the work and those that belong specifically to the church. When God blesses our efforts in any place to the salvation of souls, we must see to it that the saved ones understand, from the outset, that the meetings which resulted in their salvation belong to the work and not to the church, and that they are the church and must therefore have their own church meetings. They must meet in their homes or in other places to pray, study the Word, break bread, and exercise their spiritual gifts; and in such meetings their object must be mutual helpfulness and mutual edification. Each individual must bear his share of responsibility and pass on to the others what he himself has received from the Lord. The conduct of the meetings should be the burden of no one individual, but all the members should bear the burden together, and they should seek to help one another depending upon the teaching and leading of the Spirit, and depending upon His empowering too. As soon as believers are saved, they should begin to assemble themselves regularly. Such gatherings of local believers are true church meetings.
 Meetings connected with the work are only a temporary institution (unless the object is to maintain a special testimony in a special place). But the assembling of the believers for fellowship and mutual encouragement is something permanent. Even should the believers be very immature, and their meetings seem quite childish, they must learn to content themselves with what help they receive from one another and must not always hope to be able to sit down and listen to a good sermon. They should seek revelation, spiritual gifts, and utterance from God; and if their need casts them upon Him, it will result in the enrichment of the whole church. Meetings of recently saved believers will naturally bear the stamp of immaturity at the beginning, but for the worker to take over the responsibility of such meetings will stunt their growth, not foster it. It is the condition of the church meetings, not of the meetings connected with the work, that indicates the spiritual state of a church in any locality. When an apostle is preaching a grand sermon, and all the believers are nodding assent and adding their frequent and fervent “Amens,” how deeply spiritual the congregation seems! But it is when they meet by themselves that their true spiritual state comes to light.
 The apostolic meeting is not an intrinsic part of the church life; it is merely a piece of work, and it ceases with the departure of the worker. But the church meetings go on uninterrupted, whether the worker is present or absent. It is because the difference has not been realized between meetings for the church and for the work, that it has ever occurred to the brethren to cease to assemble themselves when the worker goes. One of the fruitful sources of spiritual failure today is that the children of God consider the church to be a part of the work; so when there is a sermon to hear, they constitute a willing audience, but if there is no preacher, the meetings automatically cease, and there is no thought of simply gathering together to help one another.
 But how can the local believers be equipped to minister one to the other? In the apostolic days it was taken for granted that the Spirit would come upon all believers as soon as they turned to the Lord, and with the on-coming of the Spirit, spiritual gifts were imparted, through the exercise of which the churches were edified. The usual method which God has ordained for building up the churches is the ordinary church gatherings, not the meetings conducted by the workers. The reason the churches are so weak these days is that workers seek to build them up, through the meetings under their care, instead of leaving it to their own responsibility to edify each other through proper church meetings. Why has it come about that the church meetings of 1 Corinthians 14 are no longer a part of church life? Because so many of God’s people lack the experience of the Spirit’s on-coming, without which a meeting conducted along the lines of 1 Corinthians 14 is a mere empty form. Unless all those we lead to the Lord have a definite experience of the Holy Spirit coming upon them, it will be of little use instructing them how to conduct their church meetings, for such meetings will be powerless and ineffective. If the Holy Spirit is upon the believers, as in the days of the early Church, He will give gifts to men, and such men will be able to strengthen the saints and to build up the Body of Christ. We see from Paul’s first Corinthian Epistle that God so equipped believers with spiritual gifts that they were able to carry on the work of building up the churches quite independently of the apostles. (This does not imply that they needed no further apostolic help. They decidedly did.) Alas! that nowadays many of God’s people set more store by God’s servants than by His Holy Spirit! They are content to be ministered to by the gifts of a worker, instead of seeking for themselves the gifts of the Spirit; so true church meetings have given place to meetings under the auspices of the workers.
 In 1 Corinthians 14, where a church meeting is in view, apostles have been left out of account altogether! There is no place for them in the meetings of a local church! When the members of a church assemble and the spiritual gifts are in use, prophecy and other gifts are exercised, but there is no mention of apostles for the simple reason that apostles are appointed no place in the meetings of the local church; they are appointed to the work. When the local church meets, it is the gifts that are brought into use; office has no place here, not even that of an apostle. But this does not preclude a visiting apostle from speaking at all in a church meeting. This is illustrated by the fact that Paul took part in the Troas meeting. But the point to be noted is that Paul was only passing through Troas, so his speaking there was merely a temporary arrangement in order that the local saints might benefit by his spiritual gifts and knowledge of the Lord; it was not a permanent institution.
 Apostles, as apostles, represent an office in the work, and not any particular gift; therefore, here they are ignored altogether. Not a mention is made of them in this local church gathering. In the organization of the church they have no place at all, because their ministry, as apostles, was not for the churches but for the work. As we have already observed, apostles had no say in the management of the business affairs of any church; but from the fact that no part is allotted them even in the local gatherings for mutual edification, it is clear that God did not even intend that they should bear the responsibility of the spiritual ministry in the churches. God gave gifts to the local brethren so that they could be prophets, evangelists, shepherds and teachers, and, thus equipped, could carry the burden of spiritual ministry in the locality. Apostles do not bear responsibility either for the spiritual or material side of affairs in any church; the elders are responsible for the local management, and the prophets and other ministers for the local ministry.
 Then have apostles nothing to do with the local church? Surely! There is still plenty of scope for them to help the churches, but not in the capacity of apostles. On the business side of things they can help indirectly by giving counsel to the elders, who deal directly with the church affairs; and on the spiritual side in the church meetings they can minister with any spiritual gifts they may possess, such as prophecy or teaching. Their apostolic office is of no account in a church meeting for the exercise of spiritual gifts. As apostles they cannot exercise any apostolic gift, but as brothers they can minister to their fellow believers by the use of any gift with which the Spirit may have endowed them.
 Not only apostles, but even elders as such, have no part in the meetings. In this chapter (1 Cor. 14), elders have no place at all. They are not even mentioned. We have already pointed out that elders are for office, not for ministry. They are appointed for church government, and not for ministry. Office is for government, and gifts are for ministry. In the meetings which are for ministry, it is those who have been gifted by God that count, not those who hold office; so in the church meetings it is the prophets, teachers, and evangelists who take the lead, not the elders. They are the gifted ones of the church.1
 We must differentiate between the work of the elders, and the work of the prophets and teachers. Their work is different, but they are not necessarily different persons. It is quite possible for one person to act in both capacities. The elders are those who hold office in a local church; the prophets and teachers are the gifted ministers in a local church. The elders are for church government at all times; the prophets and teachers are for ministry in church meetings. Whenever there is a church, the Lord not only appoints elders for its government, but also gives gifts to some brothers to constitute them ministers for the meetings. But this does not mean that elders have nothing to do with the meetings. Whenever government in the meetings is necessary, they can exercise authority there. As to ministry, though they cannot minister as elders, yet, if they are also prophets or teachers, they can minister in that capacity. It is almost imperative that elders be prophets and teachers; otherwise, they cannot rule the church effectively.
 The point to be remembered is that church meetings are the sphere for the ministry of the Word, not the sphere for the exercise of any office. It is for the exercise of gifts unto edification. Since both apostleship and eldership are offices, one in the work and one in the church, so both of the officers, as such, are altogether out of the meetings. But God will be gracious to His church to give it gifts for its upbuilding. The church meetings are the place for the use of these gifts for mutual help.
 All meetings on the “round-table” principle are church meetings, and all meetings on the “pulpit-and-pew” principle are meetings belonging to the work. The latter may be of a passing nature, and not necessarily a permanent institution, whereas the former are a regular feature of church life. A round-table enables you to pass something to me and me to pass something to you. It affords opportunity for an expression of mutuality, that essential feature of all relationships in the church. In the local churches we must discourage all meetings on the “pulpit-and-pew” principle, so that, on the one hand, God’s workers shall be free to travel far and wide proclaiming the glad tidings to sinners, and, on the other hand, the new converts shall be cast on the Lord for all needed equipment to serve one another. Thus the churches, having to bear their own responsibility, will develop their own spiritual life and gifts through exercise. It is all right to have an apostolic meeting when a worker visits the locality, but when he goes, meetings of the pulpit-type should be discontinued. Prophets, teachers, and evangelists in the local church may also take such meetings from time to time, but they should be regarded as exceptional, for they foster passivity and do not on the whole make for the spiritual development of the churches.
 Let us consult the book of Acts in order to see the example God set for His Church in the beginning. “And they continued steadfastly in the teaching and the fellowship of the apostles, in the breaking of bread and the prayers.…And day by day, continuing steadfastly with one accord in the temple and breaking bread from house to house, they partook of their food with exultation and simplicity of heart” (Acts 2:42, 46). Such were conditions in the early days of the Church’s history. The apostles did not establish a central meeting place for the believers, but these “continued steadfastly in the teaching and fellowship of the apostles, in the breaking of bread and the prayers.” They moved from house to house having fellowship one with another.
 We can now draw our own conclusions from the three points we have considered. (1) Wherever there is a group of believers in any place, a few of the more mature are chosen from their number to care for the others, after which all local responsibility rests upon them. From the very outset it should be made clear to the new converts that it is by divine appointment that the management of the church is entrusted to local elders and not to any worker from another place. (2) There is no official meeting place necessary for the church. The members meet in one or more houses, according as their numbers require, and should it be necessary to meet in several houses, it is well for the whole church to congregate from time to time in one place. For such meetings a special place could be obtained either for the occasion, or permanently, according to existing church conditions. (3) The church meetings are not the responsibility of the workers. Local believers should learn to use the spiritual gifts with which God has entrusted them to minister to their fellow believers. The principle on which all church meetings are conducted is that of the “round-table,” not of the “pulpit-and-pew.” When any apostle visits a place, he could lead a series of meetings for the local church, but such meetings are exceptional. In the usual church gatherings the brethren should all make their special contributions in the power and under the leading of the Spirit. But to make such meetings of definite value it is essential that the believers receive spiritual gifts, revelation, and utterance; therefore, the workers should make it a matter of real concern that all their converts experience the power of the outpoured Spirit.
 If the examples God has shown us in His Word are followed, then no question will ever arise in the churches regarding self-government, self-support, and self-propagation. And the churches in the different localities will consequently be saved much unnecessary expenditure, which will enable them to come freely to the help of the poor believers, as the Corinthians did, or to the help of the workers, as did the Philippians. If the churches follow the lines God Himself has laid down for them, His work will go forward unhindered and His kingdom be extended on earth.
 
THE MINISTRY, THE WORK, AND THE CHURCHES
 In the earlier chapters of this book we have already seen what the ministry, the work, and the local churches are. In this chapter we have seen the connection between the ministry and the local church, and also the difference between the church and the work. Now we can consider more minutely the relationship between the ministry, the work, and the churches, in order to see clearly how they stand, how they function, what their respective spheres are, and how they are interrelated.
 In Acts 13 we saw that God had established one of His churches in a certain locality; then He gave gifts to a few individuals in that church to equip them to minister there as prophets and teachers, so that the church might be built up. These prophets and teachers constituted the ministry in that church. When in life and in gift these ministers had reached a certain stage of spiritual maturity, God sent two of their number to work in other places; and history repeated itself in the churches established by these two apostles.
 Do you not see here the relationship between the churches, the ministry, and the work? (1) God establishes a church in a locality. (2) He raises up gifted men in the church for the ministry. (3) He sends some of these specially equipped men out into the work. (4) These men establish churches in different places. (5) God raises up other gifted men among these churches for the ministry of building them up. (6) Some of these in turn are thrust forth to work in other fields. Thus, the work directly produces the churches, and the churches indirectly produce the work. So the churches and the work progress, moving in an ever-recurring cycle— the work always resulting directly in the founding of churches, and the churches always resulting indirectly in further work.
 As to the gifted men raised up of God for the ministry, they labor both in the churches and in the work. When they are in their own locality, they seek to edify the church. When they are in other places, they bear the burden of the work. When they are in the local church, they are prophets and teachers. When they are sent to other places, they are apostles. The men are the same, at home or abroad, but their ministries differ according to the sphere of their service. The prophets and teachers (and shepherds and evangelists), whose sphere is local, plus the apostles, whose sphere is extra-local, constitute the ministry. As the former serve the churches, and the latter the work, the ministry is designed of God to meet the spiritual need in both spheres. Here again we see the relationship between the churches, the ministry, and the work. The work is produced by the churches, the churches are founded as a result of the work, and the ministry serves both the churches and the work.
 In Ephesians 4 we see that the sphere of the ministry is the Body of Christ, which may be expressed locally as a church, or extra-locally as the work. It is for this reason also that apostles, prophets, evangelists, and teachers are linked together, though actually the sphere of an apostle’s work is quite different from that of the other three. But all belong to the one ministry, whose sphere of service is the Body of Christ. These two groups of men are responsible for the work of the ministry, the one being gifted by the Spirit that they may be enabled to serve the local church, the other called from among these gifted ones to serve Him in different places and given an office in addition to their gifts. Those who have been gifted use their gifts to serve the Church by serving the church in their locality. Those who have both gifts and apostolic commission serve the Church by serving the churches in different localities.
 God uses these men to impart His grace to the Church. Their various gifts enable them to transmit grace from the Head to the Body. Spiritual ministry is nothing less than ministering Christ to His people. God’s thought in giving these men as a gift to His Church was that a Christ, personally known and experienced by them, might through the gifts of the Spirit, be ministered to His people. They were given to the Church “for the perfecting of the saints unto the work of the ministry, unto the building up of the Body of Christ.”
 Thus, in the ministry we have the prophets and other ministers using their gifts to serve the local church, while the apostles, by their office and gifts, serve all the churches. The ministry of these two groups of men is of great importance, because all the work of God—local and extra-local—is in their hands. That is why God’s Word declares that the Church of God is built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets.
 And in the offices instituted by God, we have the elders occupying the chief place in the local church, while apostles hold no office at all there. Apostles, on the other hand, hold the chief office in the work, while the elders have no place there. Apostles rank foremost in the universal Church, and elders rank foremost in the local church. When we see the distinction between the respective offices of apostles and elders, then we shall understand why the two are constantly linked together (Acts 15:2, 4, 6, 22-23). Apostles and elders are the highest representative of the Church and the churches. Apostles hold the highest office in the work, but in the local church they—as apostles—hold no office at all; elders, on the other hand, hold the chief office in the local church, but as elders they have no place in the work.
 And in the local church, there are two departments of service, one relating to business management, the other to spiritual ministry. Offices are connected with the management of the church and are held by the elders and the deacons. Gifts are connected with the ministry of the church and are exercised by the prophets and teachers (and evangelists). The elders and deacons are responsible for the management of the church, while the prophets and teachers concern themselves chiefly with the meetings of the church. Should the deacons and elders also be prophets and teachers, then they could manage church affairs and at the same time, minister to the church in the meetings. We must differentiate between the elders and the ministers. In everyday life, it is the elders who rule the church, but in the meetings for edification, the ministers are the ones ordained by God to serve the church. It should be repeated that elders, as such, are appointed for church government, and not for meetings to edify the church. In 1 Corinthians 14, where meetings are in view, elders do not come in at all. But elders, in order to be effective, should also have the gift of a prophet, teacher, shepherd, or evangelist. Yet it must be remembered that when they minister in the meetings they do so, not in the capacity of elders, but as prophets, or teachers, or other ministers. It is in the latter capacity that they have part in the ministry. First Timothy 5:17 makes it clear that the usual sphere of their service is to rule, but some of them (not necessarily all) may also teach and minister.
 So the ministry, the work, and the churches are quite different in function and sphere, but they are really coordinated and interrelated. Ephesians 4 speaks of the Body of Christ, but no discrimination is made there between the churches, the work, and the ministry. The saints of the churches, the apostles of the work, and the different ministers of the ministry are all considered in the light of, and in relation to, the Body of Christ. Because whether it be the local church, the ministry, or the work, all are in the Church. They are really one; so while it is necessary to distinguish between them in order to understand them better, we cannot really separate them. Those who are in the different spheres of the Church need to see the reality of the Body of Christ and act relatedly as a body. They should not, because of difference of responsibilities, settle themselves into watertight compartments. “The church, which is His Body,” includes the churches, the ministry, and the work. The churches are the Body expressed locally, the ministry is the Body in function, and the work is the Body seeking increase. All three are different manifestations of the one Body, so they are all interdependent and interrelated. None can move, or even exist, by itself. In fact, their relationship is so intimate and vital that none can be right itself without being rightly adjusted to the others. The church cannot go on without receiving the help of the ministry and without giving help to the work; the work cannot exist without the sympathy of the ministry and the backing of the church; and the ministry can only function when there is the church and the work.
 This is most important. In the previous chapters we have sought to show their respective functions and spheres; now the danger is lest, failing to understand the spiritual nature of the things of God, we should not only try to distinguish between them, but sever them into separate units, thus losing the interrelatedness of the Body. However clear the distinction between them, we must remember that they are all in the Church. Consequently, they must move and act as one, for no matter what their specific functions and spheres, they are all in one Body.
 So on the one hand, we differentiate between them in order to understand them, and on the other hand, we bear in mind that they are all related as a body. It is not that a few gifted men, recognizing their own ability, take it upon themselves to minister with the gifts they possess; nor that a few persons, conscious of call, form themselves into a working association; nor is it that a number of like-minded believers unite and call themselves a church. All must be on the ground of the Body. The church is the life of the Body in miniature; the ministry is the functioning of the Body in service; the work is the reaching out of the Body in growth. Neither church, ministry, nor work can exist as a thing by itself. Each has to derive its existence from, find its place in, and work for the good of the Body. All three are from the Body, in the Body, and for the Body. If this principle of relatedness to the Body and interrelatedness among its members is not recognized, there can be no church, no ministry, and no work. The importance of this principle cannot be over-emphasized, for without it everything is man-made, not God-created. The basic principle of the ministry is the Body. The basic principle of the work is the Body. The basic principle of the churches is the Body. The Body is the governing law of the life and work of the children of God today.
 
  在使徒行传中,有一个奇妙的事实,就是对于神所打发出外工作的使徒,差不多什么问题都很仔细的记载了,但是对于人所认为最大的问题─经济,反而一句不提。我们根本就没有看见,工人自己需用的责任,和工作需要的责任,是在谁身上,是如何安排、如何定规的。这一个的静默是非常的奇妙的!这就是给我们看见,人所以为最重要的问题,在当日的使徒看来是何等的不成问题的。因为当日为主出外作工的人,都是被主的爱所激动策励的人。他们完全是因爱主的缘故,而外出工作。在那时候,神的工作还没有堕落到谋生的地步来。并且他们是信神的人,他们认识神的信实,他们倚靠神的慈爱,所以,他们连这一个问题都不提起。真的有信心的人是不必说到这个问题的。

  但是这个问题乃是非常的紧要的。因为在恩典中,神是最大的能力;但在世界上,玛门是最大的势力。人生在世,衣食居行,没有钱就一日都不得过。所以,神的工人对于经济的问题,若不解决,就什么几乎都没有解决。经济的问题如果解决了,就一切的问题几乎解决过半了。他们对于供给问题的态度,表明他们在神面前曾否受有使命。因为工作是属灵的缘故,所以,供给的方法也当属灵,不然属灵的工作,要变作属世的事情了。如果在经济的事上弄不清楚,就一切其他的事都不过是理想的。因为在工作上没有一件事是比供给更实在的。什么都有理想的可能,这个没有理想的可能。所以这个实在的问题,是最会试验一个工人的。
 
 Having already observed the difference between the work and the churches, between the apostles and the elders, between the basis of a scriptural church and sects, we can now proceed to see how a local church is organized.

 According to the present-day conception, three things are regarded as essential to the existence of a church, apart from the group of Christians who constitute its members. These three are—a “minister,” a church building, and “church services.” The Christian world would question the existence of a church if even one of these three were lacking.

 What would one think these days of a church without a “minister”? Call him pastor or anything else you like, but such a man you certainly must have. As a rule he is specially trained for church work, but he may be either a local man, or a worker transferred from some other place. Whatever his background and qualifications, he gives himself exclusively to the affairs of the church. Thus, those in the churches are divided into two classes—the clergy, who make it their business to attend to spiritual matters, and the laity, who devote themselves to secular things. Then of course there must be church services, for which the minister is responsible, and the most essential of these is the Sunday morning gathering. You may call it a service, or a meeting, or whatever you choose, but such a gathering there must be at least every Sunday, when the church members sit in their pews and listen to the sermon their minister has prepared. And naturally there must be a church building. You may term it a hall, a meeting place, a chapel, or a church; but whatever you care to call it, such a place there must be. Otherwise, how could you ever “go to church” on Sundays? But what is considered essential to a church these days, was considered totally unnecessary in the early days of the Church’s history. Let us see what the Word of God has to say on the matter.
  神所呼召的工人,不管他是什么种的职事,都该有信心来负他自己和工作一切的经济责任。圣经里从来没有神的工人向谁领薪水的事。你没有看见保罗和以弗所的教会,订一年半载的合同,说明在那个期间,他们应当按周或者按月给他多少钱。在当初这种事是连想像都想像不来的。旧约里只有一个巴兰,是拿先知的恩赐去卖钱的(民二二5~7)。旧约里只有一个基哈西,是因主人作了工而生贪心,想要得着报酬的;但是,他是因此就长了大麻风(王下五20~27)。圣经里,从来没有一个神的工人,是向人领薪水的。一切事奉神的工人,自己亲手作工顶好,自己另外有什么进款也好。如果自己的手没有作工,也没有别的进款,他就必须仰望神供给他的需用。一个神的工人,不能仰望一个人,或者一个团体,固定的给他薪水。圣经里,头一班出去的十二个使徒,他们是仰望神的供给的。他们跟从主三年多,并没有固定的薪水。主升天后,圣灵所打发的使徒,也是因着相信神而过日子的,从来没有把人当作财东的事。今天的使徒,也要仰望神,像当初的使徒一样。

  人若能信靠神,就可以出来作工;人如果不能信靠神,就不够资格出来作工。人的思想是:生活如果安定了,就可以作更好的工。岂知属灵的工作,是需要生活不安定的。因为属灵的工作,和属世的事情不一样。属世的事情,只要有才干、有心志就可以作到。但是属灵的工作,是需要与神交通的,是需要神旨意的启示的,是需要神从天上的维持的。人的生活越安定,就他仰望神的心越少。他就可以不必与神有活泼的交通,只要凭着他的恩赐,凭着他的热心,就可以作去了。但是,神不让祂的仆人们领受薪水,生活安定,好叫他们非时常的仰望神,时常的信靠神,多多的与神交通,追求明白祂的旨意,举目望天,盼望得着天上的维持不可。这样他们才能为神作好工作。生活越没有办法,若能够越仰望神,越与神交通,就工作的性质越属灵。人的绝路,就是神的出路。在属灵的工作中,是人的成分越少越好,神的成分越多越好。生活倚靠薪水的,在他的工作中,神的成分太少了。这是因为人一有一定的进款,就不想投靠神了。

  人是想,如果我每一个月有一定的进款,生活能够安定些,就可以更专心作工了。岂知这并不是作工先决的问题。这个不只不能帮助工作,反而损害工作。工作是不能不用信心的。也不知道有多少的事情,都是需要我们用信心来胜过的;没有活的信心,就工作是作不成功的。但是我们对于工作的信心,是借着肉体的缺乏和供给来受训练、受造就的。我们如果不能信神供给肉身的需用,也就不能相信神来解决工作的难处了。这是因为没有一件事,是比我们生活的供给更实际的。在别的事情上,我们可以随便空口的说相信神,但是在养生的事情上就不能,因为那是太实际的事。我们如果在这件事上能相信神,就在别的事情上也能相信神了。这实在是我们信心的大试验。如果我们口里说神是永生的神,而心里不能信神供给肉身的需要,岂非矛盾?

  并且钱就是权柄。钱袋在谁的手里,权柄就在谁的手里。钱能支配人。我们如果在经济上受人的供给,我们的工作,就会受人的支配。我们若听见人钱的声音,我们不久就要听见他话语的声音。世上从来没有受人钱的人,是不受人的支配的。什么时候,我们的信心是在人身上,什么时候,我们就不能作完全不受人影响的工作。今天的难处,就是人一面想从人拿钱,一面想作神的工作。结局就不讨人的喜欢,也不讨神的喜欢。我们今天很难遇见一个从人领薪水,而能不受人的影响,专心作神工的人。人出钱,我们受钱,我们就要受出钱的人的管辖,这是一定的道理。

  神不愿意祂的工人受人的支配,神愿意自己支配祂的工人。我们中间有经历的人都知道,神的圣灵是如何借着钱来管理我们的。当我们活在神的旨意中的时候,我们需用的补满是不成问题的。但是我们如果和神的交通出了事,我们的供给就要出问题。神用供给的事,来指明我们到底是否在祂旨意的道路中。在许多的时候,神也是用供给来指引我们的工作。多少的事我们想是应当作的,但是神用经济来拦阻我们。有的时候,神是用供给来禁止我们走出祂的轨道之外。这一种活在神的面前,受神的支配,是何等宝贵的生活呢!如果不是靠着信心过日子,我们就要失去这个宝贵的训练了。

  每一个作工的人,在他个人的责任中,头一个思想就是钱。个人头一个要解决的问题,就是要问,我被神呼召来事奉神,我能不能仰望神,只靠着神过日子呢?若是不能,就不配作工。因为经济如果不能独立,工作就不能独立。经济如果不能倚靠神,工作就也不能倚靠神。钱是会支配人的。若是我们自己能信靠神度日,我们自己因着神,负自己的责,我们就不会受人的支配。每一个作工的人,如果在信心上没有预备好,就不要走这条路。我要劝你们,不要出来作工,宁可一面作事,一面事奉主。工人必定应当倚靠神。

  不错,有弟兄们会供给你。但是他们帮助你,应当感谢神;他们不帮助你,也应当感谢神。每一个作工的人,一点不应该有仰望弟兄的心;应当常有一个卓绝的心,一点不管弟兄待你如何。作工的人对于钱这件事,要非常的独立才可以,一点不应当受外面的影响。多少人不知道神的呼召,没有活的信心,不知道怎样仰望神度日,就觉得这里基烈溪的溪水干了,那里乌鸦又不来,又没有寡妇的帮助(参王上十七2~16)。他们的眼睛,一直看环境,以致贻工作之羞,使主的名字得不着荣耀。所有的工人,应当眼睛一直仰望神。有弟兄的帮助,感谢神;没有弟兄的帮助,也不仰望他们。

  工人自己因着倚靠神的缘故,要负一切的责任,不应当在心里希冀人的帮助。不能仰望人的爱心,要有仰望神的信心。弟兄有爱心,感谢神;弟兄没有爱心,也感谢神。绝对不能一出来作工,就回顾要从何人得着帮助。如果有这种情形,就是出于不信的心,就不配作主的工。我常说,什么时候,你的眼睛一仰望弟兄,就是羞辱神,羞辱同工。你变作靠弟兄的爱心度日,而不是靠神的信实生活了。多少的人,刚出来是靠信心;再过一些时,乃是等候人的爱心;末了就同留下能够生活的盼望了。可惜这种的信望爱,并不是作工的人所该有的。

  每一作工的人,对经济的事,要非常的独立。因相信神,所以敢独立;因相信神,所以敢不倚靠人;因相信神,所以敢拒绝人。如果我们一直仰望人的供给,就人来源枯竭的时候,我们的来源也枯竭了。我们如果倚靠背后的人,就当这人出问题的时候,我们也出问题了。感谢神,祂是我们的磐石。建造在这磐石上,我们永远不会失脚。人虽然会改变,情形虽然会改变,但是,我们所倚靠的,并不是他们,所以,他们虽然改变了,我们仍然无恙。我们应当记念:千山的牛、万山的羊、和一切的金银都是神的。一切活在祂神旨意中的人,不怕没有供给。

  多少曾馈送过我们的人,好像是可以给人倚靠的。但是,这些人多有过后就完了的。然而,我们因着神的恩典和诚实还留到今天。如果我们仰望那些人过日子,就他们完了,我们也完了。钱在这世界中是与神分人而王的。我们如果要忠心事奉神,就不能不学习从神的手中接受我们的供给。不然,肉体的眼睛,是何等的容易拿着玛门的手呢!

  在神的工作中有两步:(一)是以信心祷告得着神的供给,(二)是正式的去作工。先是经济的信心,后是工作的进行。今天有许多的难处,就是人没有第一步的信心,一直想作第二步的工作。他们盼望有一切需要的钱存好在那里,让他们用之来作工。但是,这种只有第二步,没有第一步的,是没有属灵价值的。什么都是以信心起头的,信心没有了,属灵的工作也没有了。所以,信心是头一步。一切要从经济的信心起首。没有供给的信心,就不管工作作得多好,这工作仍是要失败的。什么时候钱一停止,工作就没法作了。
 
 “Paul and Timothy, slaves of Christ Jesus, to all the saints in Christ Jesus who are in Philippi, with the overseers and deacons” (Phil. 1:1). In not a single scriptural church do we find any mention of a “minister” controlling its affairs; such a position is always occupied by a group of local elders. And nowhere do we get a clearer or more comprehensive presentation of the personnel of a church than in the verse just quoted from the Philippian letter. The church consists of all the saints, the overseers, and the deacons. The deacons are the men appointed to serve tables (Acts 6:2-6), that is, those who care exclusively for the business side of things. The overseers are the elders, who take the oversight of all church matters. (Acts 20:17, 28, and Titus 1:5, 7 make this quite clear.) And besides the overseers and the deacons, there are all the saints. These three classes comprise the entire church, and no other class of person can be introduced into any church without making it an unscriptural organization.

 Before we go on to consider the elders, let us glance for a moment at the deacons. They do not occupy such an important position as the elders, who rule the church; they are chosen by the church to serve it. They are the executors who carry out the decisions of the Holy Spirit through the elders and the church. Because the deacons have actually more to do with assembly life than with the work, we think it sufficient to just make this brief mention of them.

 There are two points in connection with the elders that call for special attention. First, they are chosen from among the common brethren. They are not workers who have a special call from God to devote themselves exclusively to spiritual work. As a rule they have their families, and their business duties, and are just ordinary believers of good reputation. Second, elders are chosen from among the local brethren. They are not transferred from other places, but are set apart just in the place where they live, and they are not called to leave their ordinary occupations, but simply to devote their spare time to the responsibilities of the church. The members of the church are local men, and as elders are chosen from among the ordinary members, it follows that they are also local men (Acts 14:23; Titus 1:5).

 And since all scriptural elders are local brothers, if we transfer a man from some other place to control a church, we are departing from scriptural ground. Here again we see the difference between the churches and the work. A brother may be transferred to another place to take care of the work there, but no brother can be sent out of his own locality to bear the burdens of the church in another place. The churches of God are all governed by elders, and elders are all chosen from among the local brethren.

 If a group of men are saved in a certain place, and a worker is left in charge of them, then it is inaccurate to refer to that company as a church. If affairs are still in the hands of the worker and have not passed into the hands of the local brothers, then it is still his work; it is not a church. Let us make this distinction clear: the work is always in the hands of the workers, and the church is always in the hands of the local brethren. Whenever a worker is in control of affairs, then it is a question of work, not of a church.

 It has been pointed out before that in God’s Word there are local elders, but no local apostles. When Paul left Titus in Crete, his object was not that Titus should manage church affairs there, but that he should appoint elders in every place so that they could take charge of affairs. The business of the worker is to found churches and appoint elders, never to take direct responsibility in the churches. If in any place an apostle takes responsibility for the affairs of the local church, he either changes the nature of his office or the nature of the church. No apostle coming from another place is qualified for the office of local elder; the post can only be occupied by local men.

 Let us who have been called of God to the work be absolutely clear on this point, that we were never called to settle down as pastors in any place. We may revisit the churches we have founded and help the believers we formerly led to the Lord, but we can never become their “minister” and bear the responsibility of spiritual affairs on their behalf. They must be satisfied with the elders appointed by the apostles and learn to honor and obey them. Obviously it needs more grace on the part of the believers to submit themselves to others of their own number and of their own rank, than to yield to the control of a man who comes from another place and has special qualifications for spiritual work. But God has so ordained it, and we bow to His wisdom.

 The relationship between the work and the church is really very simple. A worker preaches the gospel, souls are saved, and after a short lapse of time a few of the comparatively advanced ones are chosen from among them to be responsible for local affairs. Thus a church is established! The apostle then follows the leading of the Spirit to another place, and history is repeated there. So the spiritual life and activity of the local church develops, because the believers bear their own responsibility; and the work extends steadily because the apostles are free to move from place to place preaching the gospel and founding new churches.

 The first question usually asked in connection with a church is, “Who is the minister?” The thought in the questioner’s mind is, “Who is the man responsible for ministering and administering spiritual things in this church?” The clerical system of church management is exceedingly popular, but the whole thought is foreign to Scripture, where we find the responsibility of the church committed to elders, not to “ministers” as such. And the elders only take oversight of the church work; they do not perform it on behalf of the brethren. If, in a company of believers, the minister is active and the church members are all passive, then that company is a mission, not a church. In a church all the members are active. The difference between the elders and the other members is that the latter work, while the former both work themselves and also oversee the others as they work. Since the question of elders has been dealt with elsewhere, we shall make no further reference to it here.
  不错,保罗说,工人得工价是应当的,传福音的要靠着福音养生(林前九)。但是,传福音的靠着福音养生,是什么意思呢?意思是不是从人接受固定的供给呢?或者向教会收取薪水呢?不是,保罗说这话的时候,从来没有今天薪水的意思在里面。他的意思乃是:为神作工的人,可以因着传福音的缘故,接受人家的馈送。这个乃是无定期、无定数、无责任、无勉强的。乃是信徒的心被神所感动,因而将养生之需,拿来送给神的工人。工人虽然从信徒手中接受馈送,但是,他们还是仰望神的。他们的心乃是信靠神,他们的眼睛乃是仰望神,神因着听他们祷告的缘故,就感动弟兄的心来馈送他们,来补满他们的缺欠。接受这样的馈送,就是这里所说的靠福音养生。保罗在帖撒罗尼迦如何得腓立比教会的馈送(腓四16),在哥林多如何得马其顿弟兄们的补足(林后十一9),就是这一个意思。靠福音养生的意思,并非指得教会固定负责的供给说的。

  问题就在这里:神所差遣的工人们,到底是从那里得着供给来养生呢?不错,传福音的靠着福音养生;不错,工人得工价是应当的。但是,到底传福音是为谁传呢?领工价是向谁去领呢?如果是教会的工人,就可以向教会领薪水。如果是神的工人,就只能从神得供给,就不能向教会领薪水。圣经给我们够清楚地教训,就是工作和教会是完全分开的。所以,在外表上,工人要负工作经济的完全责任。但是在实际上,神是一切工作的主,所以神要负一切经济的责任。

  一切的问题,就是神有没有呼召?神有没有差派?如果有神的呼召和差派,就神必须负一切经济的责任,你就可以靠着福音养生了。神定规要听你的祷告,要感动弟兄的心,用馈送来补足你的需要;如果不是神的打发,而是你自告奋勇的,就恐怕你不能靠福音养生,因神是不负一切缺乏责任的。当和受恩要来中国的时候,她看见,孤独的一个人,远适异国,倚靠神的不容易,就去请教一位在主里满有经历的魏敬生。他说,异国远方,孤独一人,都不是问题。问题只有一个,就是:是你自己去呢?是神差你去呢?她说,是神要我去。他说,那什么都不必说了。是神叫你去,就祂要负一切的责任。你连问都不必问祂要如何负责。如果是你自己去,就羞辱和穷绝是一定的结局。你看见么?什么是能靠福音养生的?

  但是保罗自己在哥林多,是亲手织帐棚,并没有靠传福音养生(林前九)。这给我们看见,神的仆人,作工得供给,有两条线:一条是亲手作工,一条是传福音仰望神得供给。传福音的靠福音养生,并非要教会中的弟兄姊妹负责供给,乃是仰望神,相信神能供给。所以亲手作工,是一种方法;信神供给,是另一种方法。此外没有第三种方法。

  保罗亲手作工是顶好,但保罗所作的是特别的,不是经常的。保罗所作的,乃是神的仆人从权的作法,并非说,其余的人,也都该这样作法。保罗也承认其余的不是这样。这是他在林前九章说得很清楚地。请看十一至十五节:“我们若把属灵的种子撒在你们中间,就是从你们收割奉养肉身之物,这还算大事么?若别人在你们身上有这权柄,何况我们呢?然而我们没有用过这权柄,倒凡事忍受,免得基督的福音被阻隔。你们岂不知为圣事劳碌的,就吃殿中的物么?伺候祭坛的,就分领坛上的物么?主也是这样命定,叫传福音的靠着福音养生。但这权柄我全没有用过;我写这话,并非要你们这样待我;因为我宁可死,也不叫人使我所夸的落了空。”十八节:“既是这样,我的赏赐是什么呢?就是我传福音的时候,叫人不花钱得福音,免得用尽我传福音的权柄。”在这里我们看见,有一个福音的权柄,是一切传福音者所能用的。但是,保罗却不用这个权柄。这是因为保罗是:(一)受有神特别的托付的,(二)处在特殊的情形的。有人像保罗,可以,但这是少数的。并且不是圣经里经常的办法,乃是特殊的办法。神一班的工人,神还是要他们倚靠神、信神过日子。

  这并不是说,保罗从来没有接受教会送给他的帮助。请看林后十一章七至十节:“我因为白白传神的福音给你们,就自居卑微,叫你们高升,这算是我犯罪么?我亏负了别的教会,向他们取了工价来,给你们效力。我在你们那里缺乏的时候,并没有累着你们一个人;因我所缺乏的,那从马其顿来的弟兄们都补足了;我向来凡事谨守,后来也必谨守,总不至于累着你们。既有基督的诚实在我里面,就无人能在亚该亚一带地方阻挡我这自夸。”有的教会送保罗钱,他也接受。不过像哥林多那样的钱,他不接受。在许多的地方,保罗是和别人一样用福音的权柄,接受神感动人心所送来的帮助;但是,在亚该亚一带地方,因着有特殊的情形,他就不用这个权柄。神感动别的教会所送来的工价,他都接受;但是他不拿哥林多的,因为哥林多信徒的态度不对。

  在这里我们看见神所定规的是如何。保罗说,有一权柄,就是撒属灵种子的人,能从人收割奉养肉身之物。但是,保罗在哥林多人身上,没有用过这种权柄。这不是说,保罗没有问他们要钱;乃是说,保罗没有收他们的钱。保罗所以不肯收的原因,是因哥林多人对于他的存心不对。像腓立比人送的钱,保罗肯收下。保罗肯用这权柄。但许多人就是只送一个铜元,也不好收,因为他送了,是有作用的。哥林多的人,就是这样的人;所以保罗不收他们的钱,免得他们日子久了还有话说。我们必须把哥林多和腓立比来分别、来比较。什么时候,人是因爱神奉献给神,是神所悦纳的,就可以收。我们是替神收钱,叫他们可以得着神的祝福。否则我们就宁可不收,免得我们用错了福音的权柄。
 
 Another thing which is considered of vital importance to the existence of a church is a church building. The thought of a church is so frequently associated with a church building, that the building itself is often referred to as “the church.” But in God’s Word it is the living believers who are called the church, not the bricks and mortar (see Acts 5:11; Matt. 18:17). According to Scripture it is not even necessary for a church to have a place definitely set apart for fellowship. The Jews always had their special meeting places, and wherever they went they made a point of building a synagogue in which to worship God. The first apostles were Jews, and the Jewish tendency to build special places of worship was natural to them. Had Christianity required that places be set apart for the specific purpose of worshipping the Lord, the early apostles, with their Jewish background and natural tendencies, would have been ready enough to build them. The amazing thing is that, not only did they not put up special buildings, but they seem to have ignored the whole subject intentionally. It is Judaism, not Christianity, which teaches that there must be sanctified places for divine worship. The temple of the New Testament is not a material edifice; it consists of living persons, all believers in the Lord. Because the New Testament temple is spiritual, the question of meeting places for believers, or places of worship, is one of minor importance. Let us turn to the New Testament and see how the question of meeting places is dealt with there.

 When our Lord was on earth, He met with His disciples at times on the hillside and at times by the sea. He gathered them around Him now in a house, again in a boat, and there were times when He drew apart with them in an upper room. But there was no consecrated place, where He habitually met with His own. At Pentecost the disciples were gathered in an upper room, and after Pentecost they either met all together in the temple or separately in different houses (Acts 2:46), or at times in the portico of Solomon (Acts 5:12). They met for prayer in various homes, Mary’s being one of them (Acts 12:12), and we read that on a certain occasion they were assembled in a room on the third floor of a building (Acts 20:8). Judging from these passages, the believers assembled in a great variety of places and had no official meeting place. They simply made use of any building that suited their needs, whether a private home, or just a room in a house, or else a large public building such as the temple, or even a wide space like the portico of Solomon. They had no buildings specially set apart for church use; they had nothing which would correspond to the “church” of today.

 “And on the first day of the week, when we gathered together to break bread, Paul conversed with them.…And there were a considerable number of lamps in the upper room where we were gathered together. And a certain young man named Eutychus was sitting in the window” (Acts 20:7-9). In Troas we find the believers meeting in the third story of a building. There is a delightfully unofficial air about this gathering, such a contrast to the present-day conventional services, with the church members all sitting stiffly in their pews. But this Troas meeting was a truly scriptural one. There was no official stamp upon it; it bore the marks of real life, in its perfect naturalness and pure simplicity. It was quite all right for some of the saints to sit on the window-ledge, or for others to sit on the floor, as Mary did of old. In our assemblies we must return to the principle of the upper room. The ground floor is a place for business, a place for men to come and go; but there is more of a home atmosphere about the upper room, and the gatherings of God’s children are family affairs. The last supper was in an upper room; so was Pentecost, and so again was the meeting here. God wants the intimacy of the upper room to mark the gatherings of His children, not the stiff formality of an imposing public edifice.

 That is why in the Word of God we find His children meeting in the family atmosphere of a private home. We read of the church in the house of Prisca and Aquila (Rom. 16:5; 1 Cor. 16:19), the church in the house of Nymphas (Col. 4:15), and the church in the house of Philemon (Philem. 2). The New Testament mentions at least these three different churches that were in the homes of believers. How did churches come to be in such homes? If in a certain place there were a few believers, and one of them had a house large enough to accommodate them all, they quite naturally assembled there, and the Christians in that locality were called “the church in the house of So-and-so.”

 Everything must begin at the beginning. When a church is founded, the believers from the very outset must learn to meet by themselves, either in their own homes or in some other building which they are able to secure. Of course, not every church is a church in a house, but a church in a house should be encouraged rather than considered as a drawback. If the number of believers is great and the sphere of the locality wide, they might need to meet, as the saints in Jerusalem did, in different houses (which may mean homes, halls, or any other building) instead of in one house. There was only one church in Jerusalem, but its members assembled in different houses. The principle of houses still applies today. This does not mean that the whole church will always meet separately; in fact, it is important, and of great profit, for all the believers to gather together quite regularly in one place (1 Cor. 14:23). To make such meetings possible, they could either borrow or rent a public place for the occasion, or, if they have sufficient means, they could acquire a hall permanently for the purpose. But the meeting place for the believers could generally be in a private home. If this is not available, and not suitable, of course other buildings could be acquired. But we should try to encourage meetings in the homes of the Christians.

 The grand edifices of today, with their lofty spires, speak of the world and the flesh rather than of the Spirit, and in many ways they are not nearly as well suited to the purpose of Christian assembly as the private homes of God’s people. In the first place, people feel much freer to speak of spiritual things in the unconventional atmosphere of a home than in a spacious church building where everything is conducted in a formal manner; besides, there is not the same possibility for mutual intercourse there. Somehow, as soon as people enter those special buildings, they involuntarily settle down to passivity, and wait to be preached to. A family atmosphere should pervade all gatherings of the children of God, so that the brothers even feel free to ask questions (1 Cor. 14:35). Everything should be under the control of the Spirit, but there should be the liberty of the Spirit too. Further, if the churches are in the private homes of the brethren, they naturally feel that all the interests of the church are their interests. There is a sense of closeness of relationship between themselves and the church. Many Christians feel that church affairs are something quite beyond them. They have no intimate concern in them, because in the first place they have their “minister” who is specially responsible for all such affairs, and then they have a great church building which seems so remote from their homes, and where matters are conducted so systematically and with such precision that one feels overpowered and bound in spirit.

 Still further, the meetings in believers’ homes can be a fruitful testimony to the neighbors around, and they provide an opportunity for witness and gospel preaching. Many who are not willing to go to a “church” will be glad to go to a private house. And the influence is most helpful for the families of the Christians. From early days the children will be surrounded by a spiritual atmosphere, and will have constant opportunity to see the reality of eternal things. Again, if meetings are in the homes of the Christians, the Church is saved much material loss. One of the reasons the Christians survived the Roman persecutions during the first three centuries of Church history, was that they had no special buildings for worship, but met in cellars and caves and other inconspicuous places. Such meeting places were not readily discovered by their persecutors; but the large and costly edifices of today would be easily located and destroyed, and the churches would be speedily wiped out. The imposing structures of our modern times convey an impression of the world rather than of the Christ whose name they bear. (The halls and other buildings required for the work are quite another matter; we are speaking here only of the churches.)

 So the scriptural method of church organization is simple in the extreme. As soon as there are a few believers in a place, they begin to meet in one of their homes. If numbers increase so that it becomes impracticable to meet in one house, then they can meet in several different houses, but the entire company of believers can meet together once in a while in some public place. A hall for such purposes could either be borrowed, rented, or built, according to the financial condition of the church; but we must remember that the ideal meeting places of the saints are their own private homes.

 Meetings connected with the work are arranged along totally different lines, and are entirely under the auspices of the workers. They are on the principle of Paul’s own rented house in Rome. As we have seen, when Paul reached Rome a church was already in existence there, and the believers already had their regular gatherings. Paul did not use the meeting place of the church for his work, but rented a separate place, as he stayed for a prolonged period in Rome. In Troas he only stayed for a week, so he did not rent a place there, but simply accepted the hospitality of the church. When he went away, the special meetings he had been conducting there ceased, but the brethren in Troas still continued their own meetings. If a worker intends to remain for a considerable period in any place, then he must obtain a separate center for his work and not make use of the church’s meeting place. Frequently such a center will require more extensive accommodation than the meeting place of the church. If the Lord calls some of His servants to maintain a permanent testimony in a given place, then the call for a special building in connection with the work may be much greater than the need of premises is in connection with the church. It is almost essential to have a hall if the work is to be carried on in any place, whereas the homes of the brethren will nearly always meet the needs of the church meetings.
  我们必须记得,不只教会固定的帮助是不能收的,就是有的教会不时的馈送,也不一定都是可收的。保罗对于在哥林多教会的表示,就是表明这个原则。人的馈送如果是为着怜悯我们,我们就不能接受他们的馈送。人的馈送如果不先是为着神,而要我们向他存着感激的心,就我们也不能接受他的馈送。如果有的馈送是要我们受他的支配,就那样的馈送也是不可接受的。

  一切作神工的人,不只相信神会供给他的需用,并且当人送钱来的时候,还要分别那个钱是不是神所能接受的,是不是神要我们接受的。

  旧约以色列人把牛羊奉献给神,是交给利未人的。利未人是站在替神接收奉献的地位上。以色列人是奉献给神,不是给利未人。我们今天就是站在利未人的地位上。收钱的是神,不是我们。是神要谢人,不是我们要谢人。我们从来不受人的惠,我们从来不荷人的恩。人如果馈送我们,却要我们向他感德,并且说感谢的话,那个馈送,我们就不能接受。我们不收人的一文钱,收人钱的乃是神。人如果要得感谢,只有神给他;人如果要得赏赐,只有神给他;人如果要得荣耀,只有神给他。

  人如果送我们钱,要我们向他荷恩,我们作不到。但另一方面,我们收人钱的时候,还要问能不能叫神向他荷恩。如果我们随便收人的馈送,就会把神弄到一个地步,叫祂不感谢人又不可,感谢人又不是祂所乐意的,这就叫我们的神为难了。许多的人,已经不是神所悦纳的,如果我们把这样的人钱收下来,这样的钱,神怎能悦纳呢?有许多的人还是罪人,他也很肯捐钱。将来在白色宝座前,神要怎样办呢?他如果对神说,连你的仆人保罗,都用过我的钱,那么神怎样办呢?按理,神还得感谢他!所以,我们收人钱的时候,还要问这个钱是不是神所愿意收下的。是奉献的?或是要形成义务的?

  饶恕我提起一件个人的事。一九二九年,我的一位亲戚,送我二百元。那时我在病中,是顶缺乏的时候,真是需要款项。但是,神给我看见,我这个亲戚虽是教友,但对于得救恐怕还有问题。神给我看见,我应当写信问她,到底是以教友的资格送给工人呢?或是以亲戚的资格送给侄子呢?她如果因我是她的侄子送这二百元,就可以接受,因为我以肉体上的关系,可以用她的钱。如果她因我是一个工人而送这二百元,就不能接受,因我不能叫神向一个神所未喜悦的人道谢。在属灵的关系上,我是不能用她钱的。所以,我只好写信去问她,到底是以亲戚的资格送侄子呢,还是以教友的资格送一个工人?结果,她是送给侄子的,所以我就收下来用了。

  也有的钱,奉献的人是不错的,奉献的态度也是不错的;但是,在奉献之后,奉献者要有权柄支配工作。指定钱的用途是可以的;但是因着钱来支配工作的作法是不可以的。神的工人不可因着钱的缘故,叫工作不能只随着圣灵的引导而作,反要随着奉献者的意思而作。合乎圣经原则的奉献者在奉献的时候,指明它的用途,这是合乎圣经原则的,是可以的。但是,奉献之后,奉献者的手就挪开了,不可再有进一步干涉工作的要求。他们如果能相信神的工人,钱就可以交给他们;如果不能相信,钱就不必交给他们。所以每个作工的人,如果送他钱的人,不是钱一离手就停在那里,就不再摸的,我们就不能收他的钱。

  圣经的原则乃是工人作工,不是钱作工。神自己所拣选差派的工人,可以随着神的引导去作工。工作如何作法乃是他们负责的。但是从来没有有钱的人,因为要将钱奉献作神的工作,就因着他的钱来定规工作要如何作法。在属世的事情上,出钱者是最有权柄的;但是在属灵的工作上,乃是作工者是最有权柄的。圣经里只有工人用钱的事,从来没有钱用工人的例。乃是蒙召被打发去作那工作的人,要负那工作作法的责任,而不是有钱肯奉献的人。所以若有弟兄姊妹为神作工,你如果觉得神引导你帮助他,你就帮助他。你如果没有神的引导,觉得不必帮助他,你就可以不帮助他。你如果能信任他,钱就可交在他的手中;你如果不能信任他,钱就不可交在他手中。你要找你所能信任的人,将钱交给他去作工。但是什么时候钱离开你的手,什么时候权柄也都应当离开你的手。工人个人并不谢谢你。什么时候钱离开你的手,什么时候什么东西都应当离开你。国内近年来兴起一种事业,作得很好,但是近来已经停止了。这是因为不是工人负经济的责任,乃是有钱的信徒负经济的责任。等到作工者的意见,与出钱者的意见不一样时,钱一停止,就什么工作都停止了。这个实在不是奉献,也不是作工。工人应当一面自己因着信神的缘故,负起经济的责任来;信徒如果蒙神的引导,作物质上帮助的时候,应当相信工人,让他们随神的引导去作他们所负责的工。

  所以,我们今天所作的工,应当有钱也作,没钱也作。虽然也许我们只有一块钱,但是我们应当谁也不仰望,谁也不奉承。作工的人,有钱也好,没有钱也好,总不应当向人负什么责任。从富足的弟兄手中收钱,就从脸上显出卑鄙的样子来的所谓的工人,真是可恨的。他这样作是羞辱神,也是羞辱同工。我们今天站的地位是替神收钱的地位。我们在经济上的事,是只直接和神发生关系的,若不是这样就不配作工。保罗对于经济的事,有他的荣耀,换句话说,有他的夸口。我们也应当有我们自己荣耀的夸口,这一个是别人所不能摸的。所以工人的工作不能受奉献的人的支配。但是,人如果以为工人所作的不对,怎么办呢?什么时候奉献的人觉得不对,他可以作一件事,就是以后为着那个工作不再奉献。
 
 Before we consider the question of meeting, let us first say a few words concerning the nature of the Church. Christ is the Head of the Church and “we who are many are one body in Christ, and individually members one of another” (Rom. 12:5). Apart from Christ, the Church has no head; all believers are only members, and they are “members one of another.” Mutuality expresses the nature of the Church, for all the relationships among believers are of one member to another, never of a head to the members. All those who compose a church take their place as members of the Body, not one occupying the position of head. The whole life of the church, and all its activities, must be stamped by this characteristic of mutuality.

 But the nature of the work is quite different from that of the church. In the work there are active and passive groups. The apostles are active, and those among whom they labor are passive, whereas in the church all are active. In the work, activity is one-sided; in the church it is all-round.

 When we recognize the fundamental difference between the nature of the work and the church, then we shall easily understand the scriptural teaching concerning the meetings which we are about to consider. There are two different kinds of meetings in Scripture—the church meeting and the apostolic meeting. If we are to differentiate clearly between the two, we must first understand the different nature of church and work. Once we see that clearly, a glance at the nature of any meeting will make it obvious to what sphere it belongs; but if we fail to realize the distinction, we shall constantly confuse the church with the work. In the early Church there were meetings which were definitely connected with the churches, and others that were just as definitely connected with the work. In the latter only one man spoke, and all the others constituted his audience. One stood before the others, and by his preaching directed the thoughts and hearts of those who sat quietly listening. This type of meeting can be recognized at once as a meeting connected with the apostolic work, because it bears the character of the work, that is, activity on the one side and passivity on the other. There is no stamp of mutuality about it. In the church meetings, “each one has a psalm, has a teaching, has a revelation, has a tongue, has an interpretation” (1 Cor. 14:26). Here it is not a case of one leading and all the others following, but of each one contributing his share of spiritual helpfulness. True, only a few of those present take part, but all may; only a few are actual contributors to the meeting, but all are potential contributors. The Scriptures show these two distinct kinds of meetings—apostolic meetings, which are led by one man, and church meetings, in which all the local brethren are free to take part.

 The apostolic meetings may be divided into two classes—for believers and for unbelievers. The meeting which was held immediately after the Church came into existence was an apostolic meeting for unbelievers (Acts 2:14). The gatherings in the portico of Solomon (Acts 3:11) and in the house of Cornelius (Acts 10) were of the same nature, and there are still other records of similar meetings in the book of Acts. They were clearly apostolic meetings, not church meetings, because one man spoke and all the others listened. Paul’s preaching at Troas was to the brethren (Acts 20). Whether it was in the church or not, it was still apostolic in nature, for it was one-sided, the apostle alone speaking to the whole assembly, and not the various members taking part for their mutual edification. Paul preached to the brethren at Troas because he was passing through that place, and any apostle passing through a place as he did would be free to respond to an invitation from the brethren to help them spiritually. Then when Paul was in Rome, the believers came to his rented room to hear him witness (Acts 28:23, 30-31). This work again is specifically apostolic in nature, because one man is active, while the others are passive.

 The second kind of meeting is mentioned in the first Epistle to the Corinthians:

 If therefore the whole church comes together in one place, and all speak in tongues, and some unlearned in tongues or unbelievers enter, will they not say that you are insane?…What then, brothers? Whenever you come together, each one has a psalm, has a teaching, has a revelation, has a tongue, has an interpretation. Let all things be done for building up. If anyone speaks in a tongue, it should be by two, or at the most three, and in turn, and one should interpret; but if there is no interpreter, he should be silent in the church, and speak to himself and to God. And as to prophets, two or three should speak, and the others discern. But if something is revealed to another sitting by, the first should be silent. For you can all prophesy one by one that all may learn and all may be encouraged. And the spirits of prophets are subject to prophets; for God is not a God of confusion but of peace. As in all the churches of the saints (4:23, 26-33).

 This is obviously a church meeting, because it is not one man leading while all the others follow, but each gifted one contributing to the meeting as the Spirit directs. In the apostolic meetings there is a definite distinction between the preacher and his audience, but in this kind of meeting any gifted member of the church may be preacher and any may be audience. Nothing is determined by man, and each takes part as the Spirit leads. It is not an “all-man” ministry, but a Holy Spirit ministry. The prophets and teachers minister the Word as the Lord gives it, while others minister to the assembly in other ways. Not all can prophesy and teach, but all can seek to prophesy and teach (v. 1). An opportunity is given to each member of the church to help others, and an opportunity is given to each one to be helped. One brother may speak at one stage of the gathering and another later on; you may be chosen of the Spirit to help the brethren this time, and I next time. Everything in the meeting is governed throughout by the principle of “two or three” (vv. 27, 29). Even the same two or three prophets are not permanently appointed to minister to the meetings, but at each meeting the Spirit chooses any two or three from among all the prophets present. That such assemblies are assemblies of the church is seen at a glance, because the stamp of mutuality is clearly upon all the proceedings.

 There is only one verse in the New Testament which speaks of the importance of Christians meeting together; it is Hebrews 10:25: “Not abandoning our own assembling together, as the custom with some is, but exhorting one another; and so much the more as you see the day drawing near.” This verse shows that the object of such assembling is to exhort “one another.” This is obviously not an apostolic meeting, for it is not a case of one man exhorting the entire assembly, but all the members bearing equal responsibility to exhort one another. A church meeting has the stamp of “one another” upon it.

 There are several purposes for which the church meets, as recorded in Scripture. First, for prayer (Acts 2:42; 4:24, 31; 12:5); second, for reading (Col. 4:16; 1 Thes. 5:27; Acts 2:42; 15:21, 30-31); third, for the breaking of bread—which are not meetings presided over by a single individual who bears all responsibility, since reference is made to “the cup of blessing which we bless…the bread which we break” (1 Cor. 10:16-17; Acts 2:42; 20:7); and fourth, for the exercise of spiritual gifts (1 Cor. 14). The last type of meeting is a church meeting, for the phrase “in the church” is used repeatedly in the passage which describes it (vv. 28, 34-35). Of this meeting it is said that all may prophesy. How different from one man preaching and all the others sitting quietly in the pew listening to his sermon! That meeting has no place among the different gatherings of the church, for its nature makes it evident that it is an apostolic meeting, and being an apostolic meeting, it belongs to the sphere of the work, not of the church. Meetings where activity is one-sided do not come within the scope of the church, for they lack the distinctive feature of all church gatherings; and where any attempt is made to fit them into the church program, much trouble is sure to result.

 Today, alas! this style of meeting is the chief feature of the churches. No meeting is attended with such regularity as this one. Who is considered a really good Christian? Is it not one who comes to church fifty-two Sunday mornings in the year to hear the minister preach? But this is passivity, and it heralds death. Even he who has attended “church” fifty-two Sundays in the year has not really been once to a church meeting. He has only gone to a meeting in connection with the work. I do not imply that we should never have this kind of meeting, but the point is that such a meeting is part of the work and is not part of the church. If you have a worker in the locality, then you may have this type of meeting, not otherwise. The local church, as a church, has no such meetings. Where they are found in connection with a church, we must discourage them and help believers to see that church meetings are conducted by the church. If apostolic meetings take the place of church meetings, then the church members become passive and indolent, always expecting to be helped, instead of seeking, in dependence upon the Spirit, to be helpful to the other members. It is contrary to the New Testament principles of mutual help and mutual edification. The reason the churches in China are still so weak, after a hundred years of Christian missions, is that God’s servants have introduced into the local churches a type of meeting that really belongs to the work, and the church members have naturally concluded that if they attend such services and just passively receive all that is taught them there, they have performed the chief part of their Christian duty. Individual responsibility has been lost sight of, and passivity has hindered the development of spiritual life throughout the churches.

 Further, to maintain the Sunday morning preaching, you must have a good preacher. Therefore, a worker is not only needed to manage church affairs, but also to maintain the meetings for spiritual uplift. It is only natural, if a good address is to be delivered every Sunday, that the churches hope for someone who is better qualified to preach than recently converted local brothers. How could they be expected to produce a good sermon once a week? And who could be expected to preach better than a specially called servant of God? So an apostle settles down to pastor the church, and consequently the churches and the work both lose their distinctive features. The result is serious loss in both directions. On the one hand, the brethren become lazy and selfish because their thought is only centered on themselves and the help they can receive, and on the other hand, unevangelized territories are left without workers because apostles have settled down to be elders. For lack of activity the spiritual growth of the churches is arrested, and for lack of apostles the extension of the work is arrested too.

 Since so much havoc has been wrought by introducing a feature of the work into the churches, and thus robbing both of their true nature, we must differentiate clearly between meetings that belong specifically to the work and those that belong specifically to the church. When God blesses our efforts in any place to the salvation of souls, we must see to it that the saved ones understand, from the outset, that the meetings which resulted in their salvation belong to the work and not to the church, and that they are the church and must therefore have their own church meetings. They must meet in their homes or in other places to pray, study the Word, break bread, and exercise their spiritual gifts; and in such meetings their object must be mutual helpfulness and mutual edification. Each individual must bear his share of responsibility and pass on to the others what he himself has received from the Lord. The conduct of the meetings should be the burden of no one individual, but all the members should bear the burden together, and they should seek to help one another depending upon the teaching and leading of the Spirit, and depending upon His empowering too. As soon as believers are saved, they should begin to assemble themselves regularly. Such gatherings of local believers are true church meetings.

 Meetings connected with the work are only a temporary institution (unless the object is to maintain a special testimony in a special place). But the assembling of the believers for fellowship and mutual encouragement is something permanent. Even should the believers be very immature, and their meetings seem quite childish, they must learn to content themselves with what help they receive from one another and must not always hope to be able to sit down and listen to a good sermon. They should seek revelation, spiritual gifts, and utterance from God; and if their need casts them upon Him, it will result in the enrichment of the whole church. Meetings of recently saved believers will naturally bear the stamp of immaturity at the beginning, but for the worker to take over the responsibility of such meetings will stunt their growth, not foster it. It is the condition of the church meetings, not of the meetings connected with the work, that indicates the spiritual state of a church in any locality. When an apostle is preaching a grand sermon, and all the believers are nodding assent and adding their frequent and fervent “Amens,” how deeply spiritual the congregation seems! But it is when they meet by themselves that their true spiritual state comes to light.

 The apostolic meeting is not an intrinsic part of the church life; it is merely a piece of work, and it ceases with the departure of the worker. But the church meetings go on uninterrupted, whether the worker is present or absent. It is because the difference has not been realized between meetings for the church and for the work, that it has ever occurred to the brethren to cease to assemble themselves when the worker goes. One of the fruitful sources of spiritual failure today is that the children of God consider the church to be a part of the work; so when there is a sermon to hear, they constitute a willing audience, but if there is no preacher, the meetings automatically cease, and there is no thought of simply gathering together to help one another.

 But how can the local believers be equipped to minister one to the other? In the apostolic days it was taken for granted that the Spirit would come upon all believers as soon as they turned to the Lord, and with the on-coming of the Spirit, spiritual gifts were imparted, through the exercise of which the churches were edified. The usual method which God has ordained for building up the churches is the ordinary church gatherings, not the meetings conducted by the workers. The reason the churches are so weak these days is that workers seek to build them up, through the meetings under their care, instead of leaving it to their own responsibility to edify each other through proper church meetings. Why has it come about that the church meetings of 1 Corinthians 14 are no longer a part of church life? Because so many of God’s people lack the experience of the Spirit’s on-coming, without which a meeting conducted along the lines of 1 Corinthians 14 is a mere empty form. Unless all those we lead to the Lord have a definite experience of the Holy Spirit coming upon them, it will be of little use instructing them how to conduct their church meetings, for such meetings will be powerless and ineffective. If the Holy Spirit is upon the believers, as in the days of the early Church, He will give gifts to men, and such men will be able to strengthen the saints and to build up the Body of Christ. We see from Paul’s first Corinthian Epistle that God so equipped believers with spiritual gifts that they were able to carry on the work of building up the churches quite independently of the apostles. (This does not imply that they needed no further apostolic help. They decidedly did.) Alas! that nowadays many of God’s people set more store by God’s servants than by His Holy Spirit! They are content to be ministered to by the gifts of a worker, instead of seeking for themselves the gifts of the Spirit; so true church meetings have given place to meetings under the auspices of the workers.

 In 1 Corinthians 14, where a church meeting is in view, apostles have been left out of account altogether! There is no place for them in the meetings of a local church! When the members of a church assemble and the spiritual gifts are in use, prophecy and other gifts are exercised, but there is no mention of apostles for the simple reason that apostles are appointed no place in the meetings of the local church; they are appointed to the work. When the local church meets, it is the gifts that are brought into use; office has no place here, not even that of an apostle. But this does not preclude a visiting apostle from speaking at all in a church meeting. This is illustrated by the fact that Paul took part in the Troas meeting. But the point to be noted is that Paul was only passing through Troas, so his speaking there was merely a temporary arrangement in order that the local saints might benefit by his spiritual gifts and knowledge of the Lord; it was not a permanent institution.

 Apostles, as apostles, represent an office in the work, and not any particular gift; therefore, here they are ignored altogether. Not a mention is made of them in this local church gathering. In the organization of the church they have no place at all, because their ministry, as apostles, was not for the churches but for the work. As we have already observed, apostles had no say in the management of the business affairs of any church; but from the fact that no part is allotted them even in the local gatherings for mutual edification, it is clear that God did not even intend that they should bear the responsibility of the spiritual ministry in the churches. God gave gifts to the local brethren so that they could be prophets, evangelists, shepherds and teachers, and, thus equipped, could carry the burden of spiritual ministry in the locality. Apostles do not bear responsibility either for the spiritual or material side of affairs in any church; the elders are responsible for the local management, and the prophets and other ministers for the local ministry.

 Then have apostles nothing to do with the local church? Surely! There is still plenty of scope for them to help the churches, but not in the capacity of apostles. On the business side of things they can help indirectly by giving counsel to the elders, who deal directly with the church affairs; and on the spiritual side in the church meetings they can minister with any spiritual gifts they may possess, such as prophecy or teaching. Their apostolic office is of no account in a church meeting for the exercise of spiritual gifts. As apostles they cannot exercise any apostolic gift, but as brothers they can minister to their fellow believers by the use of any gift with which the Spirit may have endowed them.

 Not only apostles, but even elders as such, have no part in the meetings. In this chapter (1 Cor. 14), elders have no place at all. They are not even mentioned. We have already pointed out that elders are for office, not for ministry. They are appointed for church government, and not for ministry. Office is for government, and gifts are for ministry. In the meetings which are for ministry, it is those who have been gifted by God that count, not those who hold office; so in the church meetings it is the prophets, teachers, and evangelists who take the lead, not the elders. They are the gifted ones of the church.1

 We must differentiate between the work of the elders, and the work of the prophets and teachers. Their work is different, but they are not necessarily different persons. It is quite possible for one person to act in both capacities. The elders are those who hold office in a local church; the prophets and teachers are the gifted ministers in a local church. The elders are for church government at all times; the prophets and teachers are for ministry in church meetings. Whenever there is a church, the Lord not only appoints elders for its government, but also gives gifts to some brothers to constitute them ministers for the meetings. But this does not mean that elders have nothing to do with the meetings. Whenever government in the meetings is necessary, they can exercise authority there. As to ministry, though they cannot minister as elders, yet, if they are also prophets or teachers, they can minister in that capacity. It is almost imperative that elders be prophets and teachers; otherwise, they cannot rule the church effectively.

 The point to be remembered is that church meetings are the sphere for the ministry of the Word, not the sphere for the exercise of any office. It is for the exercise of gifts unto edification. Since both apostleship and eldership are offices, one in the work and one in the church, so both of the officers, as such, are altogether out of the meetings. But God will be gracious to His church to give it gifts for its upbuilding. The church meetings are the place for the use of these gifts for mutual help.

 All meetings on the “round-table” principle are church meetings, and all meetings on the “pulpit-and-pew” principle are meetings belonging to the work. The latter may be of a passing nature, and not necessarily a permanent institution, whereas the former are a regular feature of church life. A round-table enables you to pass something to me and me to pass something to you. It affords opportunity for an expression of mutuality, that essential feature of all relationships in the church. In the local churches we must discourage all meetings on the “pulpit-and-pew” principle, so that, on the one hand, God’s workers shall be free to travel far and wide proclaiming the glad tidings to sinners, and, on the other hand, the new converts shall be cast on the Lord for all needed equipment to serve one another. Thus the churches, having to bear their own responsibility, will develop their own spiritual life and gifts through exercise. It is all right to have an apostolic meeting when a worker visits the locality, but when he goes, meetings of the pulpit-type should be discontinued. Prophets, teachers, and evangelists in the local church may also take such meetings from time to time, but they should be regarded as exceptional, for they foster passivity and do not on the whole make for the spiritual development of the churches.

 Let us consult the book of Acts in order to see the example God set for His Church in the beginning. “And they continued steadfastly in the teaching and the fellowship of the apostles, in the breaking of bread and the prayers.…And day by day, continuing steadfastly with one accord in the temple and breaking bread from house to house, they partook of their food with exultation and simplicity of heart” (Acts 2:42, 46). Such were conditions in the early days of the Church’s history. The apostles did not establish a central meeting place for the believers, but these “continued steadfastly in the teaching and fellowship of the apostles, in the breaking of bread and the prayers.” They moved from house to house having fellowship one with another.

 We can now draw our own conclusions from the three points we have considered. (1) Wherever there is a group of believers in any place, a few of the more mature are chosen from their number to care for the others, after which all local responsibility rests upon them. From the very outset it should be made clear to the new converts that it is by divine appointment that the management of the church is entrusted to local elders and not to any worker from another place. (2) There is no official meeting place necessary for the church. The members meet in one or more houses, according as their numbers require, and should it be necessary to meet in several houses, it is well for the whole church to congregate from time to time in one place. For such meetings a special place could be obtained either for the occasion, or permanently, according to existing church conditions. (3) The church meetings are not the responsibility of the workers. Local believers should learn to use the spiritual gifts with which God has entrusted them to minister to their fellow believers. The principle on which all church meetings are conducted is that of the “round-table,” not of the “pulpit-and-pew.” When any apostle visits a place, he could lead a series of meetings for the local church, but such meetings are exceptional. In the usual church gatherings the brethren should all make their special contributions in the power and under the leading of the Spirit. But to make such meetings of definite value it is essential that the believers receive spiritual gifts, revelation, and utterance; therefore, the workers should make it a matter of real concern that all their converts experience the power of the outpoured Spirit.

 If the examples God has shown us in His Word are followed, then no question will ever arise in the churches regarding self-government, self-support, and self-propagation. And the churches in the different localities will consequently be saved much unnecessary expenditure, which will enable them to come freely to the help of the poor believers, as the Corinthians did, or to the help of the workers, as did the Philippians. If the churches follow the lines God Himself has laid down for them, His work will go forward unhindered and His kingdom be extended on earth.
  出门作工的人,要永远抱一个态度,就是不能取外邦人的钱。原则是“对于外邦人一无所取”(约叁7)。神的工作,永远不要外邦人来维持。神必须先悦纳那个人,神才悦纳那个人的奉献。神能接受的,我们才能接受。神所拒绝的,我们就不能有所取。但这并非说,外邦人留我们吃一餐饭都不可以。如果我们像保罗到一个海岛上,有像部百流那样接纳我们,尽情款待三日的,我们也可以接受(参徒二八7)。什么时候,有这样的事情发生,在神安排之下,我们也欢喜接受。但这是指神的安排,是偶然发生的事,并非神经常的原则。我们对外邦人的原则,总是一无所取。什么时候我们取外邦人的钱,就叫神的工作堕落下去了。
 
 In the earlier chapters of this book we have already seen what the ministry, the work, and the local churches are. In this chapter we have seen the connection between the ministry and the local church, and also the difference between the church and the work. Now we can consider more minutely the relationship between the ministry, the work, and the churches, in order to see clearly how they stand, how they function, what their respective spheres are, and how they are interrelated.

 In Acts 13 we saw that God had established one of His churches in a certain locality; then He gave gifts to a few individuals in that church to equip them to minister there as prophets and teachers, so that the church might be built up. These prophets and teachers constituted the ministry in that church. When in life and in gift these ministers had reached a certain stage of spiritual maturity, God sent two of their number to work in other places; and history repeated itself in the churches established by these two apostles.

 Do you not see here the relationship between the churches, the ministry, and the work? (1) God establishes a church in a locality. (2) He raises up gifted men in the church for the ministry. (3) He sends some of these specially equipped men out into the work. (4) These men establish churches in different places. (5) God raises up other gifted men among these churches for the ministry of building them up. (6) Some of these in turn are thrust forth to work in other fields. Thus, the work directly produces the churches, and the churches indirectly produce the work. So the churches and the work progress, moving in an ever-recurring cycle— the work always resulting directly in the founding of churches, and the churches always resulting indirectly in further work.

 As to the gifted men raised up of God for the ministry, they labor both in the churches and in the work. When they are in their own locality, they seek to edify the church. When they are in other places, they bear the burden of the work. When they are in the local church, they are prophets and teachers. When they are sent to other places, they are apostles. The men are the same, at home or abroad, but their ministries differ according to the sphere of their service. The prophets and teachers (and shepherds and evangelists), whose sphere is local, plus the apostles, whose sphere is extra-local, constitute the ministry. As the former serve the churches, and the latter the work, the ministry is designed of God to meet the spiritual need in both spheres. Here again we see the relationship between the churches, the ministry, and the work. The work is produced by the churches, the churches are founded as a result of the work, and the ministry serves both the churches and the work.

 In Ephesians 4 we see that the sphere of the ministry is the Body of Christ, which may be expressed locally as a church, or extra-locally as the work. It is for this reason also that apostles, prophets, evangelists, and teachers are linked together, though actually the sphere of an apostle’s work is quite different from that of the other three. But all belong to the one ministry, whose sphere of service is the Body of Christ. These two groups of men are responsible for the work of the ministry, the one being gifted by the Spirit that they may be enabled to serve the local church, the other called from among these gifted ones to serve Him in different places and given an office in addition to their gifts. Those who have been gifted use their gifts to serve the Church by serving the church in their locality. Those who have both gifts and apostolic commission serve the Church by serving the churches in different localities.

 God uses these men to impart His grace to the Church. Their various gifts enable them to transmit grace from the Head to the Body. Spiritual ministry is nothing less than ministering Christ to His people. God’s thought in giving these men as a gift to His Church was that a Christ, personally known and experienced by them, might through the gifts of the Spirit, be ministered to His people. They were given to the Church “for the perfecting of the saints unto the work of the ministry, unto the building up of the Body of Christ.”

 Thus, in the ministry we have the prophets and other ministers using their gifts to serve the local church, while the apostles, by their office and gifts, serve all the churches. The ministry of these two groups of men is of great importance, because all the work of God—local and extra-local—is in their hands. That is why God’s Word declares that the Church of God is built upon the foundation of the apostles and prophets.

 And in the offices instituted by God, we have the elders occupying the chief place in the local church, while apostles hold no office at all there. Apostles, on the other hand, hold the chief office in the work, while the elders have no place there. Apostles rank foremost in the universal Church, and elders rank foremost in the local church. When we see the distinction between the respective offices of apostles and elders, then we shall understand why the two are constantly linked together (Acts 15:2, 4, 6, 22-23). Apostles and elders are the highest representative of the Church and the churches. Apostles hold the highest office in the work, but in the local church they—as apostles—hold no office at all; elders, on the other hand, hold the chief office in the local church, but as elders they have no place in the work.

 And in the local church, there are two departments of service, one relating to business management, the other to spiritual ministry. Offices are connected with the management of the church and are held by the elders and the deacons. Gifts are connected with the ministry of the church and are exercised by the prophets and teachers (and evangelists). The elders and deacons are responsible for the management of the church, while the prophets and teachers concern themselves chiefly with the meetings of the church. Should the deacons and elders also be prophets and teachers, then they could manage church affairs and at the same time, minister to the church in the meetings. We must differentiate between the elders and the ministers. In everyday life, it is the elders who rule the church, but in the meetings for edification, the ministers are the ones ordained by God to serve the church. It should be repeated that elders, as such, are appointed for church government, and not for meetings to edify the church. In 1 Corinthians 14, where meetings are in view, elders do not come in at all. But elders, in order to be effective, should also have the gift of a prophet, teacher, shepherd, or evangelist. Yet it must be remembered that when they minister in the meetings they do so, not in the capacity of elders, but as prophets, or teachers, or other ministers. It is in the latter capacity that they have part in the ministry. First Timothy 5:17 makes it clear that the usual sphere of their service is to rule, but some of them (not necessarily all) may also teach and minister.

 So the ministry, the work, and the churches are quite different in function and sphere, but they are really coordinated and interrelated. Ephesians 4 speaks of the Body of Christ, but no discrimination is made there between the churches, the work, and the ministry. The saints of the churches, the apostles of the work, and the different ministers of the ministry are all considered in the light of, and in relation to, the Body of Christ. Because whether it be the local church, the ministry, or the work, all are in the Church. They are really one; so while it is necessary to distinguish between them in order to understand them better, we cannot really separate them. Those who are in the different spheres of the Church need to see the reality of the Body of Christ and act relatedly as a body. They should not, because of difference of responsibilities, settle themselves into watertight compartments. “The church, which is His Body,” includes the churches, the ministry, and the work. The churches are the Body expressed locally, the ministry is the Body in function, and the work is the Body seeking increase. All three are different manifestations of the one Body, so they are all interdependent and interrelated. None can move, or even exist, by itself. In fact, their relationship is so intimate and vital that none can be right itself without being rightly adjusted to the others. The church cannot go on without receiving the help of the ministry and without giving help to the work; the work cannot exist without the sympathy of the ministry and the backing of the church; and the ministry can only function when there is the church and the work.

 This is most important. In the previous chapters we have sought to show their respective functions and spheres; now the danger is lest, failing to understand the spiritual nature of the things of God, we should not only try to distinguish between them, but sever them into separate units, thus losing the interrelatedness of the Body. However clear the distinction between them, we must remember that they are all in the Church. Consequently, they must move and act as one, for no matter what their specific functions and spheres, they are all in one Body.

 So on the one hand, we differentiate between them in order to understand them, and on the other hand, we bear in mind that they are all related as a body. It is not that a few gifted men, recognizing their own ability, take it upon themselves to minister with the gifts they possess; nor that a few persons, conscious of call, form themselves into a working association; nor is it that a number of like-minded believers unite and call themselves a church. All must be on the ground of the Body. The church is the life of the Body in miniature; the ministry is the functioning of the Body in service; the work is the reaching out of the Body in growth. Neither church, ministry, nor work can exist as a thing by itself. Each has to derive its existence from, find its place in, and work for the good of the Body. All three are from the Body, in the Body, and for the Body. If this principle of relatedness to the Body and interrelatedness among its members is not recognized, there can be no church, no ministry, and no work. The importance of this principle cannot be over-emphasized, for without it everything is man-made, not God-created. The basic principle of the ministry is the Body. The basic principle of the work is the Body. The basic principle of the churches is the Body. The Body is the governing law of the life and work of the children of God today.